Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals.
Energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. I. Metabolic energy consumption as a function of speed and body size in birds and mammals.
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发表时间：
1982-04
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通讯作者：
C. Taylor;N. Heglund;G. Maloiy
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作者：
C. Taylor;N. Heglund;G. Maloiy
这一系列的四篇论文探讨了能量学和陆地运动力学之间的联系。在整个研究中使用了两个实验变量：速度和身体大小。使用任一变量，跑步动物的特定质量代谢率可以变化约10倍。这第一篇论文认为代谢能量消耗在陆地运动。报告了与耗氧率和速度有关的新数据：8种野生和家养偶蹄动物; 7种食肉动物; 4种灵长类动物;和1种啮齿动物。这些与先前公布的数据相结合，以制定一个新的异速生长方程，该方程将以恒定速度运动期间消耗的氧气的质量比速率（VO 2/Mb）与速度和体重（基于62种鸟类和哺乳动物的数据）相关联：VO 2/Mb = 0.533 Mb-0.316.vg + 0.300 Mb-0.303其中VO 2/Mb的单位为ml O2 s-1 kg-1; Mb的单位为kg; Vg的单位为m s-1。由于无氧糖酵解的贡献可以忽略不计，因此可以使用1 ml O2 = 20.1 J的能量当量将该方程表示为能量消耗的质量比速率（Emetab/Mb）：Emetab/Mb = 10.7 Mb-0.316.vg + 6.03 Mb-0.303其中Emetab/Mb的单位为瓦特/kg。这种新的关系同样适用于两足动物和四足动物，与12年前Taylor，Schmid-Nielsen & Raab（1970）报道的异速生长方程几乎没有区别。从该属方程计算的各种鸟类和哺乳动物物种的回归值的90%落在25%的观察值在中间的速度范围内进行测量。这个协议是令人印象深刻的，当一个人认为，质量特定的氧气消耗率的差异超过1400%，在这个大小范围的动物。
This series of four papers investigates the link between the energetics and the mechanics of terrestrial locomotion. Two experimental variables are used throughout the study: speed and body size. Mass-specific metabolic rates of running animals can be varied by about tenfold using either variable. This first paper considers metabolic energy consumed during terrestrial locomotion. New data relating rate of oxygen consumption and speed are reported for: eight species of wild and domestic artiodactyls; seven species of carnivores; four species of primates; and one species of rodent. These are combined with previously published data to formulate a new allometric equation relating mass-specific rates of oxygen consumed (VO2/Mb) during locomotion at a constant speed to speed and body mass (based on data from 62 avian and mammalian species): VO2/Mb = 0.533 Mb-0.316.vg + 0.300 Mb-0.303 where VO2/Mb has the units ml O2 s-1 kg-1; Mb is in kg; and vg is in m s-1. This equation can be expressed in terms of mass-specific rates of energy consumption (Emetab/Mb) using the energetic equivalent of 1 ml O2 = 20.1 J because the contribution of anaerobic glycolysis was negligible: Emetab/Mb = 10.7 Mb-0.316.vg + 6.03 Mb-0.303 where Emetab/Mb has the units watts/kg. This new relationship applies equally well to bipeds and quadrupeds and differs little from the allometric equation reported 12 years ago by Taylor, Schmid-Nielsen & Raab (1970). Ninety per cent of the values calculated from this genera equation for the diverse assortment of avian and mammalian species included in this regression fall within 25% of the observed values at the middle of the speed range where measurements were made. This agreement is impressive when one considers that mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption differed by more than 1400% over this size range of animals.