Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring
Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1018422807610
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Brown, Keith S., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brown, Keith S., Jr.
热带森林系统的可持续利用需要持续监测生物多样性和生态系统功能。这可以通过非经济昆虫的“预警”（短周期）指标组有效地完成，这些昆虫的种群水平和资源很容易测量。21组昆虫作为重点指标类群进行评估，以快速评估新热带森林系统的变化。异质性，丰富度和自然干扰的综合环境指数与蝴蝶多样性在56个新热带区研究多年。各种组件的α，β和γ多样性表现出典型的反应，增加干扰和不同的土地利用制度。多样性往往随着接近或低于自然水平的干扰而增加，但一些敏感的物种和基因在非常低的干扰水平下被消除。农业和造林的马赛克超过30%的转换，包括选择性的砍伐三个或更多的大树每公顷，显示物种组成的变化与蝴蝶群落的许多组成部分的不可逆转的损失，表明非可持续的土地和资源使用和减少未来的选择。在物种丰富的巴西亚马逊提取保护区的当地居民的几个昆虫指标组的监测，有助于建议生态，经济和社会可持续的分区和使用制度的指导方针。
Sustainable use of tropical forest systems requires continuous monitoring of biological diversity and ecosystem functions. This can be efficiently done with 'early warning' (short-cycle) indicator groups of non-economical insects, whose population levels and resources are readily measured. Twenty-one groups of insects are evaluated as focal indicator taxa for rapid assessment of changes in Neotropical forest systems. Composite environmental indices for heterogeneity, richness, and natural disturbance are correlated positively with butterfly diversity in 56 Neotropical sites studied over many years. Various components of alpha, beta and gamma-diversity show typical responses to increased disturbance and different land-use regimes. Diversity often increases with disturbance near or below natural levels, but some sensitive species and genes are eliminated at very low levels of interference. Agricultural and silvicultural mosaics with over 30% conversion, including selective logging of three or more large trees per hectare, show shifts in species composition with irreversible loss of many components of the butterfly community, indicating non-sustainable land and resource use and reduction of future options. Monitoring of several insect indicator groups by local residents in a species-rich Brazilian Amazon extractive reserve has helped suggest guidelines for ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable zoning and use regimes.