Margin for error: Anthropogenic geomorphology of Bajo edges in the Maya Lowlands
Margin for error: Anthropogenic geomorphology of Bajo edges in the Maya Lowlands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.002
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发表时间：
2019-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sprajc, Ivan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunning, Nicholas P.;Hernandez, Armando Anaya;Sprajc, Ivan
许多早期玛雅城市沿着大型结构或喀斯特洼地（bajos）的边缘发展。这种地形位置有助于不断增长的人口更有效地收集和储存雨水，这是全年占领墨西哥和中美洲玛雅低地内陆部分的必要条件。古玛雅森林在坡地上的砍伐加速了土壤流失和巴霍边缘的恶化。这些新形成的崩塌土地边缘成为后来集约化农业的焦点，并帮助支撑了进一步的城市扩张。我们记录了这种长期的景观变化，数据主要来自危地马拉的蒂卡尔和墨西哥的亚克斯诺卡的实地调查，但也参考了高原内陆地区（EIR）的其他玛雅中心。数据来源于实地调查、激光雷达图像解释和实验室分析。我们提出了一个巴霍边缘景观变化的三种变体模型，其差异可归因于地形，岩性，水文和文化过程。我们提出了在bajo边缘土壤上种植的作物的初步数据。我们进一步描述了农业是如何适应不断发展的巴霍边缘的，如田墙、梯田和沟渠系统所证明的那样。(C) 2018 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Many early Maya cities developed along the edges of large structural or karst depressions (bajos). This topographic position aided growing populations to more effectively capture and store rainwater, a necessity for year-round occupation of interior portions of the Maya Lowlands of Mexico and Central America. Ancient Maya forest clearance on sloping terrain led to accelerated soil loss and the aggradation of the bajo margins. These newly created margins of colluvial lands became a focus of subsequent intensive agriculture and helped underwrite further urban expansion. We document this long-term landscape transformation with data derived principally from field investigations at Tikal, Guatemala, and Yaxnohcah, Mexico, but with reference to other Maya centers in the Elevated Interior Region (EIR). Data are derived from field investigations, interpretation of lidar imagery, and laboratory analyses. We present a model of three variants of bajo margin landscape change with differences attributable to topography, lithology, hydrology, and cultural processes. We present preliminary data on crops that were cultivated on bajo-margin soils. We further describe how agriculture was adapted to evolving bajo margins as evidenced by systems of field walls, terraces, and ditches. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.