A System Level Analysis of Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Hurricane Impacts-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1007/s12237-019-00690-3

发表时间：

2020-04

期刊：

Estuaries and Coasts

影响因子：

2.7

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

环境科学与生态学3区

文献类型：

作者：

C. Patrick;L. Yeager;A. Armitage;F. Carvallo;V. M. Congdon;K. Dunton;M. Fisher;A. Hardison;J. D. Hogan;J. Hosen;Xinping Hu;B. Reese;S. Kinard;J. Kominoski;X. Lin;X. Lin;Zhanfei Liu;P. Montagna;S. Pennings;Lily M. Walker;C. Weaver;M. Wetz

热带气旋是沿海系统的主要扰动。2017年8月25日，飓风哈维以四级风暴登陆美国德克萨斯州。与这场风暴相关的两种不同的扰动在空间上是分离的：（1）强风造成直接破坏和风暴潮，（2）大雨造成洪水冲刷，大量淡水携带碳和营养物质排入河口。在这里，我们提供了一个综合的影响，哈维飓风对地球化学，水文，和生物组成的淡水和河口系统和他们的比较阻力和恢复能力，风和雨驱动的干扰。风力造成的扰动沿着沿海屏障岛屿和下游河口最为严重，破坏了红树林和海草，增加了沉积物的粗糙度。雨水驱动的干扰是最明显的淡水溪流和上游河口。大量淡水径流减少了河流动物群的丰度，并导致河口缺氧和低盐状况持续了一周多。作为对淡水输入事件的响应，底栖动物的多样性和丰度下降，但移动的动物，如河口鱼类没有明显的变化。虽然水文和地球化学成分受到高度扰动，但在几天内就恢复到基线状况。相比之下，生物成分的变化幅度较小，但其中一些生物，特别是定居的植物群和动物群，需要数周至数月才能恢复到风暴前的状况，有些生物在本文报告的6个月内没有恢复。我们的综合说明，系统组件的阻力和弹性可能会出现负协变，沿海系统的结构组件可能是最容易受到长期变化的热带气旋。

Tropical cyclones are major disturbances for coastal systems. Hurricane Harvey made landfall in Texas, USA, on August 25, 2017 as a category 4 storm. There were two distinct disturbances associated with this storm that were spatially decoupled: (1) high winds causing direct damage and storm surge, and (2) high rains causing scouring floods and significant discharge of fresh water carrying carbon and nutrients to estuaries. Here, we provide a synthesis of the effects of Hurricane Harvey on biogeochemical, hydrographic, and biotic components of freshwater and estuarine systems and their comparative resistance and resilience to wind- and rain-driven disturbances. Wind-driven disturbances were most severe along the coastal barrier islands and lower estuaries, damaging mangroves and seagrass and increasing sediment coarseness. Rain-driven disturbances were most pronounced within freshwater streams and the upper estuaries. Large volumes of freshwater run-off reduced the abundance of riverine fauna and caused hypoxic and hyposaline conditions in the estuaries for over a week. In response to this freshwater input event, benthic fauna diversity and abundance decreased, but mobile fauna such as estuarine fishes did not markedly change. Although hydrographic and biogeochemical components were highly perturbed, they returned to baseline conditions within days. In contrast, biotic components demonstrated lower magnitude changes, but some of these organisms, particularly the sedentary flora and fauna, required weeks to months to return to pre-storm conditions, and some did not recover within the 6 months reported here. Our synthesis illustrates that resistance and resilience of system components may negatively co-vary and that structural components of coastal systems may be the most vulnerable to long-term changes following tropical cyclones.

A System Level Analysis of Coastal Ecosystem Responses to Hurricane Impacts

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