The molecular setup of the avian head mesoderm and its implication for craniofacial myogenesis
The molecular setup of the avian head mesoderm and its implication for craniofacial myogenesis
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DOI：
10.1002/dvdy.20903
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发表时间：
2006-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Dietrich, Susanne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bothe, Ingo;Dietrich, Susanne
头部中胚层是大脑两侧从前脑到后脑水平的中胚层组织，产生真正的头部肌肉。相反，它与更靠后的近轴中胚层（产生躯干肌肉的体节）的相关性存在争议。为了深入了解头部中胚层的分子设置、其与体节中胚层的相似性或不同性，以及其设置对肌肉形成进程的影响，我们研究了标记物的表达（1）中胚层分割和边界形成，（2）区域规范和体节发生，以及（3）生肌分化的正向和负向控制。我们表明头部中胚层在分子上与体节不同。它没有被分段；甚至第一体节的边界也是不明确的。重要的是，头部中胚层缺乏驱动肌肉分化的转录因子，而表达抑制分化和促进细胞增殖的基因。这些因素显示出前后和背腹区域化但重叠的表达。值得注意的是，表达延伸到对心脏有积极贡献的区域，与心脏标志物的表达重叠。
The head mesoderm is the mesodermal tissue on either side of the brain, from forebrain to hindbrain levels, and gives rise to the genuine head muscles. Its relatedness to the more posterior paraxial mesoderm, the somites, which generate the muscles of the trunk, is conversely debated. To gain insight into the molecular setup of the head mesoderm, its similarity or dissimilarity to the somitic mesoderm, and the implications of its setup for the progress of muscle formation, we investigated the expression of markers (1) for mesoderm segmentation and boundary formation, (2) for regional specification and somitogenesis and (3) for the positive and negative control of myogenic differentiation. We show that the head mesoderm is molecularly distinct from somites. It is not segmented; even the boundary to the first somite is ill-defined. Importantly, the head mesoderm lacks the transcription factors driving muscle differentiation while genes suppressing differentiation and promoting cell proliferation are expressed. These factors show anteroposteriorly and dorsoventrally regionalised but overlapping expression. Notably, expression extends into the areas that actively contribute to the heart, overlapping with the expression of cardiac markers.