Implications of changes in land use for ecosystem service values of two highly eroded watersheds in Lake Abaya Chamo sub-basin, Ethiopia
Implications of changes in land use for ecosystem service values of two highly eroded watersheds in Lake Abaya Chamo sub-basin, Ethiopia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoser.2023.101564
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发表时间：
2023-12
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Wolde Mekuria;Assefa Gedle;Y. Tesfaye;E. Phimister
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wolde Mekuria;Assefa Gedle;Y. Tesfaye;E. Phimister
生态系统为人类提供各种生态系统服务和功能，其可持续利用在生计中发挥着重要作用。然而，由于土地利用和土地覆盖的变化而造成的土地退化导致宝贵的生态系统和相关的生态系统功能和服务的丧失。本研究以埃塞俄比亚的Aba-Bora和Guder两个高度退化流域为例，采用价值转移估值方法估算生态系统服务价值的变化。这项研究表明，即使种植园和灌木林增加，耕地和牧场的损失也会显著影响生态系统服务。结果表明，在41年的时间里，围栏/灌木林和人工林的生态系统服务价值增加，而作物和放牧地的减少。耕地和牧场减少造成的生态系统服务价值损失超过了种植园和围栏扩大带来的收益，导致Aba-Bora流域生态系统服务价值损失共计160万美元，Guder流域生态系统服务价值损失共计2 440万美元。在这两个流域，造成生态系统服务损失的最大因素是支持服务的减少，而种植园和灌木林的增加（主要是通过建立围栏）意味着调节生态系统服务遭受的损失最小。鉴于作物和牧场对这些地区生计的重要性，作物和牧场的损失大大增加了许多家庭面对冲击的脆弱性，缩小了未来生计的选择。鉴于严重的沟壑侵蚀是作物和牧场减少的主要原因，集水区管理结合利用各种可持续土地管理做法养护上游地区和下游地区的沟壑恢复措施，可成为减少大沟壑扩大、养护作物和牧场以及保护生态系统服务价值的一个重要备选办法。然而，研究结果表明，生计面临的风险可能被低估，而社区对目前解决土地退化问题的行动的有效性估计过高。
Ecosystems provide a variety of ecosystem services and functions for mankind, and their sustainable use plays an important role in livelihoods. However, the resulting land degradation due to land use and land cover changes leads to loss of valuable ecosystems and associated ecosystem functions and services. This study takes two highly degraded watersheds, Aba-Bora and Guder, in Ethiopia and uses the value transfer valuation method to estimate changes in ecosystem service values. The study shows how loss of cropland and grazing lands can significantly affect ecosystem services even when plantations and shrubland increase. The results suggest that over a period of 41 years, the ecosystem service value of exclosures/shrublands and plantations increased, whereas that of crop and grazing lands decreased. The loss of ecosystem service values due to the decrease in cropland and grazing lands outweigh the gains due to the expansion of plantations and exclosures and resulted in a total loss of ecosystem service values of US$ 1.6 million in Aba-Bora watershed and US$ 24.4 million in Guder. In both watersheds, the greatest contributor to ecosystem service loss was a decline in supporting services, while the increase in plantation and shrublands (mainly through establishment of exclosures) meant that regulating ecosystem services suffered the smallest loss. Given their importance to livelihoods in these areas, the loss in crop and grazing lands significantly increase the vulnerability to shocks and narrow future livelihood options for many households. Given that severe gully erosion is the major contributor to the reduction in crop and grazing lands, catchment management that integrates the conservation of upstream areas using diverse sustainable land management practices, and gully rehabilitation measures in downstream areas could be an important option to reducing the expansion of big gullies, and conserving crop and grazing lands and ecosystem service values. However, the results suggest that the risks to livelihoods may be underestimated while the effectiveness of current actions to address land degradation over-estimated by communities.