Tumor suppressor genes: new prospects for cancer research.
Tumor suppressor genes: new prospects for cancer research.
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抑癌基因：癌症研究的新前景。
DOI：
10.1093/jnci/83.2.91
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee,WH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hollingsworth,RE;Lee,WH
癌症被认为是由单个细胞中几个基因突变的积累引起的。直到最近，唯一被详细研究的致瘤突变是那些激活癌基因的突变。肿瘤抑制基因的发现，其失活突变引起肿瘤的发生，增加了一个新的层面，我们对肿瘤的理解。视网膜母细胞瘤易感基因RB是原型肿瘤抑制基因，并已显示抑制几种不同癌症的转化表型。进一步的研究揭示了其他肿瘤抑制基因，可能通过各种机制在各种组织中发挥作用。这些机制可以调节细胞增殖和分化之间的选择，并且似乎涉及诸如DNA复制的起始、某些基因表达的调节、细胞间通讯和粘附以及外部信号向细胞内效应物的转导等过程。这些机制的阐明将增强我们对肿瘤发生和细胞基本运作的理解。[J Natl Cancer Inst 83：91-96，1991]
Cancer is thought to arise from the accumulation of several genetic mutations in a single cell. Until recently, the only tumorigenic mutations that have been studied in detail are those that activate oncogenes. The discovery of tumor suppressor genes, for which inactivating mutations elicit tumorigenesis, has added a new dimension to our understanding of neoplasia. The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene RB is the prototype tumor suppressor gene and has been shown to suppress the transformed phenotype for several different cancers. Additional studies have revealed other tumor suppressor genes that may operate in a variety of tissues through a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms may regulate the choice between cellular proliferation and differentiation and appear to involve such processes as the initiation of DNA replication, regulation of expression of certain genes, intercellular communication and adhesion, and the transduction of external signals to intracellular effectors. The elucidation of these mechanisms will enhance our understanding of both oncogenesis and the fundamental operations of the cell. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:91–96, 1991)