Parenting matters: Parents can reduce or amplify children's anxiety and cortisol responses to acute stress.
Parenting matters: Parents can reduce or amplify children's anxiety and cortisol responses to acute stress.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579420001285
复制
发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Hostinar, Camelia E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parenteau, Anna M.;Alen, Nicholas V.;Deer, LillyBelle K.;Nissen, Adam T.;Luck, Alison T.;Hostinar, Camelia E.
父母在调节孩子对压力和挑战的反应方面起着重要的作用。然而，调节父母作为压力缓冲的有效性的父母特征仍有待充分表征。为了解决这一差距，本研究调查了180名儿童（9-11岁，M = 9.9岁，SD = 0.58）的父母特征和行为，这些特征和行为可能解释了父母缓冲皮质醇对急性应激反应能力的差异。孩子们被随机分配参加公开演讲任务、特里尔儿童社会压力测试（TSST-M）或控制条件。接受TSST-M测试的儿童随机分为两组：59名儿童与父母（N = 59）或60名儿童单独（N = 60），而61名儿童被分配到对照组（不接受TSST-M测试）。我们发现父母教育可以调节条件对儿童急性应激反应的影响。父母受教育程度较低的孩子在父母条件下的皮质醇反应比单独的情况下要低，表现出一种缓冲的反应模式。相比之下，父母教育水平高的孩子在父母条件下比单独和控制条件下表现出更高的皮质醇反应。父母的教育水平也与父母状态下的高水平状态焦虑呈正相关。这些结果表明，受过高等教育的父母可能更强调表现而不是舒适，放大了孩子在公开表演时的焦虑状态和皮质醇反应。
Parents serve important functions in regulating children’s responses to stress and challenge. However, the parental characteristics that modulate the effectiveness of parents as stress buffers remain to be fully characterized. To address this gap, this study examined parental characteristics and behaviors that may explain variation in parents’ ability to buffer cortisol responses to acute stress of 180 children (ages 9–11 years old, M = 9.9 years, SD = .58). Children were randomly assigned to either participate in a public speaking task, the Trier Social Stress Test–Modified for children (TSST-M) or a control condition. Children in the TSST-M condition were randomly assigned to prepare for the public speaking task either with their parent (N = 59) or alone (N = 60), whereas 61 children were assigned to the control condition (no TSST-M). We found that parental education moderated the effect of condition on children’s responses to acute stress. Children whose parents had lower levels of education exhibited reduced cortisol responses in the parent condition compared to the alone condition, showing a buffered pattern of reactivity. In contrast, children of parents with high levels of education displayed higher cortisol reactivity in the parent condition compared to the alone and control conditions. Parental education was also positively associated with higher levels of state anxiety within the parent condition. These results suggest that highly educated parents may emphasize performance over comfort, amplifying their children’s state anxiety and cortisol responses to a public performance.