Functional fission of parvalbumin interneuron classes during fast network events.
Functional fission of parvalbumin interneuron classes during fast network events.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.04006
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发表时间：
2014-11-06
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Soltesz I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Varga C;Oijala M;Lish J;Szabo GG;Bezaire M;Marchionni I;Golshani P;Soltesz I
快速尖峰，小白蛋白（PV）表达海马中间神经元分为篮状，轴-轴（吊灯），和双层细胞。这些细胞类别通过以精确的时间模式将GABA释放到主细胞的不同区域，在调节局部回路操作和节律发生中发挥关键作用。在这项研究中，我们表明，三个主要的光伏电池类进一步分裂成功能不同的子类在体内快速网络事件。在较慢（<10 Hz）的θ振荡期间，每个细胞类别都表现出其自身的特征，相对均匀的放电行为。然而，在更快（>90 Hz）的振荡，PV中间神经元放电出现类内差异，隔离沿着树突结构或躯体位置的具体功能。PV子类在快速但不缓慢的网络振荡过程中的功能发散有效地使快速电路操作可用的GABA释放的时空模式的库加倍。http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04006.001大脑不断处理来自身体内外的信息，以科普日常生活的挑战。当大脑执行这些过程时，神经元网络产生称为振荡的电活动模式。快速尖峰PV细胞是一种神经元，它在大脑的一个称为海马体的区域中协调这些振荡的精确时间，海马体对记忆的形成很重要。光伏电池通过释放一种名为GABA的化学物质来发挥这一作用，这种化学物质可以抑制电活动。海马体包含三种不同的快速尖峰PV细胞亚类，但目前尚不清楚这些不同的亚类如何合作来控制海马体中的网络振荡。Varga等人现在通过记录小鼠在休息和跑步时PV细胞的电活动来探索这个问题。PV电池涉及快速和缓慢的网络振荡。正如在以前的实验中发现的那样，Varga等人发现光伏电池的三个不同子类在缓慢的网络振荡期间表现相似。然而，在快速振荡期间，每个子类中的神经元显示出两种不同类型的行为，这取决于它们的形状和位置。PV细胞以依赖于空间和时间的模式释放GABA：Varga等人的工作表明，PV细胞可以使用的模式库大约是以前认为的两倍。未来的研究需要探索这种行为对记忆的影响。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04006.002网站
Fast spiking, parvalbumin (PV) expressing hippocampal interneurons are classified into basket, axo-axonic (chandelier), and bistratified cells. These cell classes play key roles in regulating local circuit operations and rhythmogenesis by releasing GABA in precise temporal patterns onto distinct domains of principal cells. In this study, we show that each of the three major PV cell classes further splits into functionally distinct sub-classes during fast network events in vivo. During the slower (<10 Hz) theta oscillations, each cell class exhibited its own characteristic, relatively uniform firing behavior. However, during faster (>90 Hz) oscillations, within-class differences in PV interneuron discharges emerged, which segregated along specific features of dendritic structure or somatic location. Functional divergence of PV sub-classes during fast but not slow network oscillations effectively doubles the repertoire of spatio-temporal patterns of GABA release available for rapid circuit operations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04006.001 The brain continuously processes information from outside and inside the body to cope with the challenges of everyday life. As the brain carries out these processes, networks of neurons produce patterns of electrical activities called oscillations. Fast-spiking PV cells are neurons that orchestrate the precise timing of these oscillations in a region of the brain called the hippocampus, which is important for the formation of memories. PV cells perform this role by releasing a chemical called GABA that suppresses electrical activity. The hippocampus contains three distinct sub-classes of fast-spiking PV cells, but it is not clear how these different sub-classes collaborate to control the network oscillations in the hippocampus. Varga et al. have now explored this question by recording the electrical activity of PV cells in mice, while they were resting and also while they were running. PV cells are involved in both fast and slow network oscillations. As had been found in previous experiments, Varga et al. found that the three different sub-classes of PV cells behaved similarly during slow network oscillations. During fast oscillations, however, the neurons within each sub-class displayed two distinct types of behavior, depending on their shape and location. PV cells release GABA in patterns that depend on both space and time: the work of Varga et al. shows that the repertoire of patterns that can be employed by PV cells is about twice as big as was previously thought. Future studies are needed to explore the influence of this behavior on memory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04006.002