Experimental Evidence for Synchronization to a Musical Beat in a Nonhuman Animal
Experimental Evidence for Synchronization to a Musical Beat in a Nonhuman Animal
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.03.038
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发表时间：
2009-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Schuiz, Irena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patel, Aniruddh D.;Iversen, John R.;Schuiz, Irena
与音乐节拍同步移动的倾向（例如，通过摇头、拍脚或跳舞）是人类的普遍现象 [1]，但在其他物种中并不常见 [2]。这种能力是否反映了大脑对音乐认知的专门化，或者它是否建立在通常服务于其他功能的神经回路之上？根据“声音学习和节奏同步”假设 [3]，音乐节拍的夹带依赖于复杂声音学习的神经回路，这种能力需要大脑中听觉和运动回路之间的紧密联系 [4, 5]。该假说预测，只有学习发声的物种（例如人类和一些鸟类、鲸目动物和鳍足类动物，但非人类灵长类动物）才能够将动作与音乐节拍同步。在这里，我们报告了与硫凤头鹦鹉（Cacatua galerita eleonora）节拍同步的实验证据。通过在大范围内操纵音乐片段的节奏，我们发现动物会自发地调整其节奏运动的节奏以与节拍保持同步。这些发现表明，与音乐节拍的同步并不是人类独有的，并且表明动物模型可以提供对人类音乐的神经生物学和进化的见解[6]。
The tendency to move in rhythmic synchrony with a musical beat (e.g., via head bobbing, foot tapping, or dance) is a human universal [1] yet is not commonly observed in other species [2]. Does this ability reflect a brain specialization for music cognition, or does it build on neural circuitry that ordinarily serves other functions? According to the "vocal learning and rhythmic synchronization" hypothesis [3], entrainment to a musical beat relies on the neural circuitry for complex vocal learning, an ability that requires a tight link between auditory and motor circuits in the brain [4, 5]. This hypothesis predicts that only vocal learning species (such as humans and some birds, cetaceans, and pinnipeds, but not nonhuman primates) are capable of synchronizing movements to a musical beat. Here we report experimental evidence for synchronization to a beat in a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita eleonora). By manipulating the tempo of a musical excerpt across a wide range, we show that the animal spontaneously adjusts the tempo of its rhythmic movements to stay synchronized with the beat. These findings indicate that synchronization to a musical beat is not uniquely human and suggest that animal models can provide insights into the neurobiology and evolution of human music [6].