The influence of list format and category headers on age differences in understanding medication instructions.
The influence of list format and category headers on age differences in understanding medication instructions.
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列表格式和类别标题对理解药物说明的年龄差异的影响。
DOI：
10.1080/036107398244238
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Menard,WE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrow,DG;Leirer,VO;Andrassy,JM;Hier,CM;Menard,WE
我们研究了指令是否更好地理解和记住时，他们包含组织线索。我们之前的研究发现，老年人和年轻人以类似的方式组织药物信息，这表明他们有一个服药的模式。在本研究中，列表格式（相对于段落）强调信息的顺序，类别标题强调由该模式指定的信息的分组。实验1研究是否列表和标题线索提高理解（回答时间和准确性）和回忆不同年龄的成年人和工作记忆容量（测量的句子跨度任务）。列表指令比段落更好地理解和回忆，并减少了回答时间的年龄差异和准确性的跨度差异。标题降低了工作记忆能力水平较低的参与者对段落的理解，可能是因为它们在段落中不是突出的线索。实验2研究了标题是否更有效时，更显着地放置在段落和列表，如果列表和标题线索帮助读者从指示中得出推论。列表格式再次减少了理解的年龄差异，特别是减少了对药物进行推断所需的时间。虽然标题并没有损害理解，但这些线索确实会损害回忆。目前的研究表明，列表组织的指示提供了一个环境的支持，提高老年人和年轻人的理解和回忆的药物信息。
We examined whether instructions are better understood and remembered when they contain organizational cues. Our previous research found that older and younger adults organize medication information in similar ways, suggesting that they have a schema for taking medication. In the present study, list formats (vs.paragraphs) emphasized the order of information and category headers emphasized the grouping of information specified by this schema. Experiment 1 examined whether list and header cues improve comprehension (answer time and accuracy) and recall for adults varying in age and working memory capacity (measured by a sentence span task). List instructions were better understood and recalled than paragraphs, and reduced age differences in answer time and span differences in accuracy. Headers reduced paragraph comprehension for participants with lower levels of working memory capacity, presumably because they were not salient cues in the paragraphs. Experiment 2 investigated if headers were more effective when more saliently placed in paragraphs and lists, and if list and header cues helped readers draw inferences from the instructions. List formats again reduced age differences in comprehension, especially reducing the time needed to draw inferences about the medication. While headers did not impair comprehension, these cues did impair recall. The present study suggests that list - organized instructions provide an environmental support that improves both older and younger adult comprehension and recall of medication information.