X-ray crystallographic proof of the isomer D2-C84(5) as trifluoromethylated and chlorinated derivatives, C84(CF3)16, C84Cl20, and C84Cl32.

X-ray crystallographic proof of the isomer D2-C84(5) as trifluoromethylated and chlorinated derivatives, C84(CF3)16, C84Cl20, and C84Cl32.
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异构体 D2-C84(5) 作为三氟甲基化和氯化衍生物、C84(CF3)16、C84Cl20 和 C84Cl32 的 X 射线晶体学证明

DOI:
10.1002/chem.201103456
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. I. Troyanov
S. I. Troyanov
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Yang;C. Chen;T. Wei;N. B. Tamm;E. Kemnitz;S. I. Troyanov

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就 C60 和 C70 而言,分离丰度低得多的高级富勒烯更加困难,但它们的化学性质已开始引起更多兴趣。由于存在不同数量的笼形异构体,高级富勒烯的表征变得复杂。虽然符合孤立五边形规则 (IPR) 的 C60 和 C70 只存在一种异构体,[1] 可能的 IPR 异构体数量随着高级富勒烯的尺寸而迅速增加。通常高级富勒烯的表征是通过 13CNMR 光谱来实现的,但在许多情况下只能建立分子对称性。 [2]这不足以明确笼型异构体的结构阐明,因为几种异构体可能表现出相同的分子对称性。高级富勒烯的衍生化、衍生物的分离以及使用 X 射线晶体学方法对其表征似乎相当有效,如 C78–C96 的一些例子所示。[3]C84 是最丰富的高级富勒烯,有 24 种可能的 IPR 异构体。[1]两种主要的 C84 异构体,编号。 22 和 23(编号基于螺旋算法 [1]),被证明以 2:1 的比例最为丰富。[4]在通常的电弧放电方法生产的富勒烯混合物中还发现了几种次要异构体(编号 4、5、11、14、16 和 18)。[2, 5] 在大多数情况下,C84 异构体的笼连接性已通过异构体 4、[5] 11、[3f, 5] 16、[5] 的 C84 衍生物的 X 射线晶体学证实。 18,[5] 22,[5] 和 23 [3e, 5] 或原始 C84 与金属卟啉共结晶(异构体 14)。 [6]
With respect to C60 and C70, the isolation of much less abundant higher fullerenes is more difficult, but their chemistry has started to raise more interest. The characterization of higher fullerenes is complicated by the presence of a varying number of cage isomers. While only one isomer exists for C60 and for C70 complying with the isolated pentagon rule (IPR),[1] the number of possible IPR isomers increases rapidly with size for the higher fullerenes. Usually characterization of higher fullerenes is achieved by 13CNMR spectroscopy, but in many cases only molecular symmetry could be established.[2] This is not sufficient for the unambiguous structural elucidation of the cage isomer, because several isomers may exhibit the same molecular symmetry. Derivatization of higher fullerenes followed by separation of derivatives and the use of X-ray crystallographic methods for their characterization appeared to be rather effective as illustrated by some examples for C78–C96.[3]C84, the most abundant higher fullerene, has 24 possible IPR isomers.[1] Two major C84 isomers, nos. 22 and 23 (the numbering is based on the spiral algorithm [1]), were shown to be most abundant with the 2: 1 ratio to one another.[4] Several minor isomers (nos. 4, 5, 11, 14, 16, and 18) have been also found in fullerene mixtures produced by usual arc-discharge method.[2, 5] In most cases, cage connectivities of C84 isomers have been confirmed by X-ray crystallography of either C84 derivatives for isomers4,[5] 11,[3f, 5] 16,[5] 18,[5] 22,[5] and 23 [3e, 5] or pristine C84 co-crystallized with a metal porphyrin (isomer 14).[6]
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