Social media: a review and tutorial of applications in medicine and health care.
Social media: a review and tutorial of applications in medicine and health care.
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DOI：
10.2196/jmir.2912
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发表时间：
2014-02-11
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Eysenbach G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grajales FJ 3rd;Sheps S;Ho K;Novak-Lauscher H;Eysenbach G
社交媒体是动态和互动的计算机介导的通信工具，在高收入和中等收入国家的一般人群中具有很高的渗透率。然而，在医学和卫生保健领域，大量利益相关者（如临床医生、管理人员、专业学院、学术机构、卫生部等）不知道社交媒体的相关性、在日常活动中的潜在应用、固有风险以及如何削弱和减轻这些风险。我们进行了叙述性回顾，旨在介绍案例研究，说明如何，在哪里，以及为什么社交媒体被用于医疗和卫生保健部门。使用批判解释主义框架，我们使用定性方法来综合影响，并说明，解释，并提供在医学和医疗保健中的应用和潜在的实施社交媒体的背景知识。除了环境扫描（使用Google和Bing Web搜索）资源外，还使用了传统（例如，同行评审）和非传统（例如，政策，案例研究和社交媒体内容）来源。我们回顾、评估和综合了76篇文章、44个网站和11项政策/报告。结果和案例研究根据10个不同类别的社交媒体呈现：（1）博客（如WordPress），（2）微博（例如，Twitter），（3）社交网站（例如，Facebook），（4）专业社交网站（如LinkedIn、Sermo），（5）专题网络网站（例如，23andMe），（6）wiki（例如，Wikipedia），（7）mashups（例如，HealthMap），（8）协作过滤网站（例如，Digg），（9）媒体共享网站（例如，YouTube，Slideshare）和其他网站（例如，SecondLife）。为希望参与社交媒体同时降低风险的利益相关者提供并解释了四项建议：（1）始终保持专业精神，（2）真实，享受乐趣，不要害怕，（3）寻求帮助，（4）专注，抓住注意力，参与其中。社交媒体在医疗和保健领域的作用是深远的，在治理，道德，专业，隐私，保密和信息质量方面的许多问题仍然没有答案。通过遵循所提出的指导方针，专业人士有一个起点，以安全和道德的方式参与社交媒体。未来的研究将需要了解社交媒体和循证实践之间的协同作用，以及制定有利于患者，临床医生，公共卫生从业者和行业的机构政策。
Social media are dynamic and interactive computer-mediated communication tools that have high penetration rates in the general population in high-income and middle-income countries. However, in medicine and health care, a large number of stakeholders (eg, clinicians, administrators, professional colleges, academic institutions, ministries of health, among others) are unaware of social media’s relevance, potential applications in their day-to-day activities, as well as the inherent risks and how these may be attenuated and mitigated. We conducted a narrative review with the aim to present case studies that illustrate how, where, and why social media are being used in the medical and health care sectors. Using a critical-interpretivist framework, we used qualitative methods to synthesize the impact and illustrate, explain, and provide contextual knowledge of the applications and potential implementations of social media in medicine and health care. Both traditional (eg, peer-reviewed) and nontraditional (eg, policies, case studies, and social media content) sources were used, in addition to an environmental scan (using Google and Bing Web searches) of resources. We reviewed, evaluated, and synthesized 76 articles, 44 websites, and 11 policies/reports. Results and case studies are presented according to 10 different categories of social media: (1) blogs (eg, WordPress), (2) microblogs (eg, Twitter), (3) social networking sites (eg, Facebook), (4) professional networking sites (eg, LinkedIn, Sermo), (5) thematic networking sites (eg, 23andMe), (6) wikis (eg, Wikipedia), (7) mashups (eg, HealthMap), (8) collaborative filtering sites (eg, Digg), (9) media sharing sites (eg, YouTube, Slideshare), and others (eg, SecondLife). Four recommendations are provided and explained for stakeholders wishing to engage with social media while attenuating risk: (1) maintain professionalism at all times, (2) be authentic, have fun, and do not be afraid, (3) ask for help, and (4) focus, grab attention, and engage. The role of social media in the medical and health care sectors is far reaching, and many questions in terms of governance, ethics, professionalism, privacy, confidentiality, and information quality remain unanswered. By following the guidelines presented, professionals have a starting point to engage with social media in a safe and ethical manner. Future research will be required to understand the synergies between social media and evidence-based practice, as well as develop institutional policies that benefit patients, clinicians, public health practitioners, and industry alike.