Roles of EGFR, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in heavy metal-induced cancer.
Roles of EGFR, PI3K, AKT, and mTOR in heavy metal-induced cancer.
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DOI：
10.2174/1568009611313030004
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
R. Carpenter;B. Jiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Carpenter;B. Jiang
人类通过各种职业和非职业途径接触到重金属。越来越多的证据表明，长期接触这些重金属与包括肺、肝、膀胱、结肠和皮肤在内的各种身体部位的癌症发生有关。许多研究都致力于发现重金属诱发不同类型癌症的机制。这些机制研究的结果对于不同的金属来说是不同的，但经常可以观察到信号通路的激活增加。本文综述了表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、AKT和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标(MTOR)等信号分子在肿瘤发生和发展中的作用，以及重金属砷、铬、镍和镉对这些分子的影响。此外，还将讨论预防和治疗由重金属引起的癌症的药物目标，重点是目前正在进行临床试验的药物。
Humans are exposed to heavy metals through a variety of occupational and non-occupational means. Growing evidence has accumulated that prolonged exposure to these heavy metals is associated with cancer occurrence at various body sites including lung, liver, bladder, colon, and skin. Much research effort has been placed on discovering the mechanisms by which heavy metals induce different kinds of cancers. Results from these mechanistic studies have varied for different metals, but increased activation of signaling pathways is often observed. This review will focus on the signaling molecules including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in carcinogenesis and cancer progression; and how these molecules are affected by the exposure to heavy metals: arsenic, chromium, nickel, and cadmium. Furthermore, drug targets for the prevention and therapy of cancers induced by heavy metals will be discussed with a focus on drugs that are currently in clinical trials for these targets.