Psychological Need Thwarting in the Sport Context: Assessing the Darker Side of Athletic Experience
Psychological Need Thwarting in the Sport Context: Assessing the Darker Side of Athletic Experience
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DOI：
10.1123/jsep.33.1.75
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartholomew, Kimberley J.;Ntoumanis, Nikos;Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie
自我决定理论的研究（Ryan & Deci，2002）表明，在运动环境中对自主性，能力和相关性需求的满足与增强的参与，表现和幸福感有关。本文概述了一个多层面的措施，旨在评估心理需求挫败，一个研究领域的概念和实践的重要性的初步发展。研究1生成了一个项目池，旨在挖掘消极的经验状态，当运动员认为他们的自主性，能力和相关性的需求被积极破坏时发生。研究2采用验证性因素分析对问卷的因素结构进行了检验。支持模型包括3个因素，代表了假设的相互关联的需要挫败的维度。在研究3中，使用独立样本对模型进行了细化和交叉验证。总体而言，心理需求阻碍量表（PNTS）表现出良好的内容、析因和预测有效性，以及跨性别、运动类型、竞技水平和竞技经验的内部一致性和不变性。心理需要挫败的概念化进行了讨论，并提出建议，关于使用的PNTS在研究有关的黑暗面的体育参与。
Research in self-determination theory (Ryan & Deci, 2002) has shown that satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs in sport contexts is associated with enhanced engagement, performance, and well-being. This article outlines the initial development of a multidimensional measure designed to assess psychological need thwarting, an under-studied area of conceptual and practical importance. Study 1 generated a pool of items designed to tap the negative experiential state that occurs when athletes perceive their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness to be actively undermined. Study 2 tested the factorial structure of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. The supported model comprised 3 factors, which represented the hypothesized interrelated dimensions of need thwarting. The model was refined and cross-validated using an independent sample in Study 3. Overall, the psychological need thwarting scale (PNTS) demonstrated good content, factorial, and predictive validity, as well as internal consistency and invariance across gender, sport type, competitive level, and competitive experience. The conceptualization of psychological need thwarting is discussed, and suggestions are made regarding the use of the PNTS in research pertaining to the darker side of sport participation.