The Rise of Second-Rank Cities: What Role for Agglomeration Economies?
The Rise of Second-Rank Cities: What Role for Agglomeration Economies?
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DOI：
10.1080/09654313.2014.904999
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发表时间：
2015-06-03
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Caragliu, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camagni, Roberto;Capello, Roberta;Caragliu, Andrea
在过去的15年里，经验证据表明，欧洲一流城市并不总是领导国家经济表现，当他们这样做的时候，一流城市和二流城市之间的差异在解释国家增长方面并不显着。最近的工作[Dijkstra，L.，Garcilazo，E. McCann，P.（2013）欧洲城市和城市地区的经济表现：神话与现实，欧洲规划研究，21（3），页。334-354]声称，二线城市实际上已经超过一线城市，成为国家经济表现的主要推动力。在强调二线城市在国家增长中的作用的辩论中，对集聚经济的作用提出了一种简化的看法;在中小城市，集聚经济被认为是理所当然的，只有在大城市才会出现城市规模回报率下降的问题。在本文中，一个更复杂的观点是假设，声称过度简化的解释，城市经济绩效仅仅取决于开发的聚集经济，这些聚集经济仅仅取决于城市规模，应该放弃。城市经济学中的一些现有理论框架有助于回顾可能的分叉在城市发展道路中的作用，这些分叉与吸引或发展新的和更高阶的功能、提高内部效率和通过与其他城市的合作网络实现规模经济的能力有关（城市网络理论）。所有这些因素都是充分利用集聚经济的条件，也是克服城市收益递减的途径。
AbstractIn the last 15 years, empirical evidence has emerged about the fact that European first-rank cities have not always led national economic performance, and when they did, the difference between first- and second-rank cities in explaining national growth has not been significant. A recent work [Dijkstra, L., Garcilazo, E. & McCann, P. (2013) The economic performance of European cities and city regions: Myths and realities, European Planning Studies, 21(3), pp. 334-354] claims that second-rank cities have in fact outperformed first-rank cities, becoming the main driving forces in national economic performance. In the debate that emphasizes the role of second-rank cities in national growth, a simplified view of the role of agglomeration economies is provided; they are taken for granted in small- and medium-sized cities and only in large cities will the problem of a downturn in urban returns to scale emerge. In this paper, a more complex view is assumed, claiming that the oversimplified interpretation that urban economic performance simply depends on the exploitation of agglomeration economies and that these agglomeration economies merely depend on urban size alone should be abandoned. Some already existing theoretical frameworks in urban economics can help in recalling the role of possible bifurcations in the development path of cities, linked to the capability to attract or develop new and higher-order functions, increase internal efficiency and reach scale economies through cooperation networks with other cities (the city-network theory). All these elements work as conditions for fully exploiting agglomeration economies and ways to overcome urban decreasing returns.