Face scanning distinguishes social from communication impairments in autism
Face scanning distinguishes social from communication impairments in autism
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00942.x
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
von Hofsten, Claes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Falck-Ytter, Terje;Fernell, Elisabeth;von Hofsten, Claes
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）中的社会和沟通障碍有多密切相关？最近在典型发育儿童中的发现表明，这两种类型的损伤都具有高度遗传性，但只有适度的行为和遗传重叠。到目前为止，它们各自在社会认知中的作用还知之甚少。在这里，我们表明，当看别人的脸时，社会情感行为比非语言交流更好的ASD儿童更多地看眼睛，而那些具有相反轮廓的儿童更多地看嘴巴（研究1）。对于嘴部区域，观察到一个类似的模式，倒置的脸，这表明，从这个地区的信息被认为是一个特征的基础上。在研究2中，我们发现，当显示一个人执行手动动作时，研究1中的“眼睛观察者”倾向于看演员的脸，而研究1中的“嘴巴观察者”倾向于看动作本身（手/物体）。这一结果在ASD和典型发育中均被发现。在研究3中，研究1中的主要发现在一个新的样本中得到了复制。综上所述，我们解释这些结果支持的观点，即神经系统的基础上的社会情感与非语言沟通技能是可分离的，这一发现具有重要的理论和临床意义。研究结果还表明，在正常的发育过程中，也可能存在类似的注视行为差异。
How closely related are the social and communicative impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? Recent findings in typically developing children suggest that both types of impairment are highly heritable but have only moderate behavioural and genetic overlap. So far, their respective roles in social perception are poorly understood. Here we show that when looking at other people's faces, children with ASD who are better at socio-emotional behaviours than non-verbal communication look more at the eyes, while those with the opposite profile look more at the mouth (Study 1). For the mouth area, a similar pattern was observed for inverted faces, suggesting that information from this area is perceived on a featural basis. In Study 2, we found that when shown a person performing manual actions, 'eye-lookers' from Study 1 tended to look most at the face of the actor, while 'mouth-lookers' from Study 1 tended to look at the action itself (hand/objects). This result was found in both ASD and typical development. In Study 3, the main finding in Study 1 was replicated in a new sample. Taken together, we interpret these results as supporting the view that the neural systems underlying socio-emotional versus non-verbal communication skills are separable, a finding that has important theoretical and clinical implications. The results also suggest that a similar differentiation of looking behaviour may operate in normal development.