The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity
The rise and fall of proboscidean ecological diversity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-021-01498-w
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发表时间：
2021-07-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Saarinen, Juha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cantalapiedra, Juan L.;Sanisidro, Oscar;Saarinen, Juha
长鼻动物是新生代巨型食草动物的关键，并提出了一个高度相关的案例研究，以根据长期宏观进化模式来框架最近巨型动物灭绝的时间和程度。通过使用基于模型的方法调查整个长鼻类化石历史，我们发现长鼻类功能多样性在中新世的急剧爆发是由它们的生物地理扩张到非洲以外的地区引发的。生态形态创新推动利基差异化；容纳几种不同的长鼻动物物种的群落变得司空见惯。第一次爆发性灭绝发生在中新世晚期，大约 700 万年前（Ma）。重要的是，这一和随后的灭绝趋势显示出高度的生态形态选择性，并与古气候动态密切相关。长鼻类动物的全球灭绝从 3 Ma 开始升级，欧亚大陆进一步灭绝，然后在 2.4 Ma 非洲灭绝急剧增加。气候引发的灭绝趋势早在古人类进化出适当的狩猎能力之前就开始了，人类的过度捕猎可能是更新世晚期最后的双重危险。作者使用基于模型的方法来研究长鼻动物的整个化石历史，从渐新世在非洲-阿拉伯半岛以外的扩散到中新世晚期的灭绝和第四纪崩溃，确定了使这个群体克服了 6000 万人口的创新多年的严峻环境变化。
Proboscideans were keystone Cenozoic megaherbivores and present a highly relevant case study to frame the timing and magnitude of recent megafauna extinctions against long-term macroevolutionary patterns. By surveying the entire proboscidean fossil history using model-based approaches, we show that the dramatic Miocene explosion of proboscidean functional diversity was triggered by their biogeographical expansion beyond Africa. Ecomorphological innovations drove niche differentiation; communities that accommodated several disparate proboscidean species in sympatry became commonplace. The first burst of extinctions took place in the late Miocene, approximately 7 million years ago (Ma). Importantly, this and subsequent extinction trends showed high ecomorphological selectivity and went hand in hand with palaeoclimate dynamics. The global extirpation of proboscideans began escalating from 3 Ma with further extinctions in Eurasia and then a dramatic increase in African extinctions at 2.4 Ma. Overhunting by humans may have served as a final double jeopardy in the late Pleistocene after climate-triggered extinction trends that began long before hominins evolved suitable hunting capabilities.The authors use model-based approaches to examine the entire fossil history of proboscideans, from their dispersal outside of Afro-Arabia in the Oligocene to late Miocene extirpations and Quaternary collapse, identifying the innovations that allowed this group to overcome 60 million years of severe environmental shifts.