The role of great ape behavioral ecology in One Health: Implications for captive welfare and re-habilitation success.
The role of great ape behavioral ecology in One Health: Implications for captive welfare and re-habilitation success.
复制标题
类人猿行为生态学在“同一个健康”中的作用：对圈养福利和康复成功的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.23328
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chappell J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chappell J
行为是动物与其环境互动的界面，因此对个体、种群、栖息地以及共享这些环境的人类的健康具有潜在的连锁影响。进化塑造了物种与其环境之间的相互作用。因此，对物种典型的“野生型”行为库（以及个体灵活适应其所采用的库元素的能力）的改变可能会破坏生物体与其环境之间的关系，从而产生级联的“同一个健康”效应。一个很好的例子是康复猩猩，例如，在地面上而不是在森林树冠上旅行的时间与野生同种动物看似微小的差异可能会影响个体的肌肉骨骼和营养健康以及社会融合。它还可以增加传染病和/或病原体与当地人群的双向传播，或者如果没有地理障碍并且康复者走得足够远以离开其释放区域，则可能会增加与邻近野生种群的双向传播。灵长类动物是众所周知的生态系统工程师，通过传播种子、消耗植物以及创造树冠间隙和小径来重塑植物群落并维持生物多样性。从栖息地的角度来看，行为不像野生猩猩的康复猩猩不太可能提供这些相同的生态系统服务。尽管猿的行为多样性很重要，它与野生同种的行为相比如何，以及它如何根据栖息地的变化而变化，但行为是“同一个健康”中经常被低估的一个方面。在这篇综述中，我们以猩猩作为所有圈养类人猿所面临的各种问题的一个例子，研究了理解和促进野生型行为的表达可以改善它们的健康、茁壮成长的能力以及当地 One Health 系统的稳健性的方法。
Behavior is the interface through which animals interact with their environments, and therefore has potentially cascading impacts on the health of individuals, populations, their habitats, and the humans that share them. Evolution has shaped the interaction between species and their environments. Thus, alterations to the species‐typical “wild‐type” behavioral repertoire (and the ability of the individual to adapt flexibly which elements of the repertoire it employs) may disrupt the relationship between the organism and its environment, creating cascading One Health effects. A good example is rehabilitant orangutans where, for example, seemingly minor differences from wild conspecifics in the time spent traveling on the ground rather than in the forest canopy can affect an individual's musculoskeletal and nutritional health, as well as social integration. It can also increase two‐way transmission of infectious diseases and/or pathogens with local human populations, or potentially with neighboring wild populations if there are no geographical barriers and rehabilitants travel far enough to leave their release area. Primates are well known ecosystem engineers, reshaping plant communities and maintaining biodiversity through seed dispersal, consuming plants, and creating canopy gaps and trails. From the habitat perspective, a rehabilitant orangutan which does not behave like a wild orangutan is unlikely to fulfill these same ecosystem services. Despite the importance of the diversity of an ape's behavioral repertoire, how it compares to that of wild conspecifics and how it alters in response to habitat variation, behavior is an often under‐appreciated aspect of One Health. In this review, focusing on orangutans as an example of the kinds of problems faced by all captive great apes, we examine the ways in which understanding and facilitating the expression of wild‐type behavior can improve their health, their ability to thrive, and the robustness of local One Health systems.