Observational evidence of high ice concentration in a shallow convective cloud embedded in stratiform cloud over North China
Observational evidence of high ice concentration in a shallow convective cloud embedded in stratiform cloud over North China
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华北上空层状云中浅层对流云冰浓度高的观测证据
DOI：
10.1007/s00376-016-6079-x
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hou Tuanjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang Jiefan;Lei Hengchi;Hou Tuanjie
在这项研究中，我们观察了微物理特性，包括垂直和水平分布的冰粒，液态水含量和冰的习惯，在不同区域的轻微过冷层状云。2015年9月9日，利用飞机仪器和雷达数据，在华北冷锋后方记录到云顶温度高于−15°C。在飞行取样期间，高冰数浓度区域位于嵌入层状云中的浅对流云的过冷部分，那里的环境温度约为−3°C。在该区域，直径大于100 μm和500 μm的粒子（N100和N500）的最大数浓度分别超过300 L− 1和30 L−1，这与云-气溶胶光谱仪探针测量的直径大于24 μm的大过冷水滴有关。在这一地区的冰粒类型主要是柱状，针，霰，和一些冻结滴，这表明高冰数浓度的发生可能与Hallett-Mossop机制，虽然许多其他的冰增殖过程不能完全排除。在第一次穿透过程中获得的最大冰数浓度比Demott和弗莱彻方案在假设云顶温度约为-15 °C时预测的大两到三个数量级。在层状云内进行的第二次穿透中，N100和N500减少了五到十倍，柱状和针状晶体变得非常罕见。
In this study we observed the microphysical properties, including the vertical and horizontal distributions of ice particles, liquid water content and ice habit, in different regions of a slightly supercooled stratiform cloud. Using aircraft instrument and radar data, the cloud top temperature was recorded as higher than −15°C, behind a cold front, on 9 September 2015 in North China. During the flight sampling, the high ice number concentration area was located in the supercooled part of a shallow convective cloud embedded in a stratiform cloud, where the ambient temperature was around −3°C. In this area, the maximum number concentrations of particles with diameter greater than 100 μm and 500 μm (N100andN500) exceeded 300 L−1and 30 L−1, respectively, and were related to large supercooled water droplets with diameter greater than 24 μm derived from cloud–aerosol spectrometer probe measurements. The ice particles types in this region were predominantly columnar, needle, graupel, and some freezing drops, suggesting that the occurrence of high ice number concentrations was likely related to the Hallett–Mossop mechanism, although many other ice multiplication processes cannot be totally ruled out. The maximum ice number concentration obtained during the first penetration was around two to three orders of magnitude larger than that predicted by the Demott and Fletcher schemes when assuming the cloud top temperature was around −15°C. During the second penetration conducted within the stratiform cloud,N100andN500decreased by a factor of five to ten, and the presence of columnar and needle-like crystals became very rare.
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影响因子：
3.1
作者：
P. Hildebrand;Bernice Ackerman
通讯作者：
P. Hildebrand;Bernice Ackerman
DOI：
10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040
发表时间：
2001-08
期刊：
Journal of Applied Meteorology
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. Valor;V. Meneu;V. Caselles
通讯作者：
E. Valor;V. Meneu;V. Caselles
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Field, P. R.;Heymsfield, A. J.;Bansemer, A.
通讯作者：
Bansemer, A.
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
S. Mossop;R. Cottis;B. Bartlett
通讯作者：
S. Mossop;R. Cottis;B. Bartlett
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
P. Clark;T. Choularton;P. Brown;P. Field;A. Illingworth;R. Hogan
通讯作者：
P. Clark;T. Choularton;P. Brown;P. Field;A. Illingworth;R. Hogan