Tibet, the Himalaya, Asian monsoons and biodiversity - In what ways are they related?
Tibet, the Himalaya, Asian monsoons and biodiversity - In what ways are they related?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.001
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Spicer RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spicer RA
流行的教条认为，西藏的隆起，亚洲季风系统的开始和南亚的高生物多样性是相互联系的，所有这些都发生在2300万年前的新第三纪之后。在这里，跨越过去6000万年的地球历史，地质学，气候学和古生物学的证据，这种联系进行审查。主要结论是：（1）早在新近纪之前就存在一个原始西藏高原，在始新世开始时，在将印度与欧亚大陆分开的特提斯洋最终闭合之前，存在一个表面海拔至少为4.5 km的安第斯型地形。2)喜马拉雅山不是在印度-欧亚大陆碰撞开始时形成的，而是在西藏大部分地区达到现在的高度之后形成的。喜马拉雅山建立在一个预先存在的原始西藏高原上，大约在15 Ma后才突出到高原的平均高度之上。3)季风气候在整个新生代都存在于整个南亚地区，可能存在的时间更长，但它们是由热带辐合带的季节性迁移产生的。4)高喜马拉雅山在青藏高原上的投影大约在15 Ma，与现代南亚季风的发展相吻合。5)由于西藏北方和亚洲其他地区的地形变化、亚洲内陆水汽来源的丧失以及随着全球气温下降而形成的强大冬季西伯利亚高压，东亚季风大约在同一时间形成了现在的形式。6)新的古生物学发现的放射性测定日期表明，南亚的高生物多样性起源于古近纪，而不是新近纪。
Prevailing dogma asserts that the uplift of Tibet, the onset of the Asian monsoon system and high biodiversity in southern Asia are linked, and that all occurred after 23 million years ago in the Neogene. Here, spanning the last 60 million years of Earth history, the geological, climatological and palaeontological evidence for this linkage is reviewed. The principal conclusions are that: 1) A proto-Tibetan highland existed well before the Neogene and that an Andean type topography with surface elevations of at least 4.5 km existed at the start of the Eocene, before final closure of the Tethys Ocean that separated India from Eurasia. 2) The Himalaya were formed not at the start of the India–Eurasia collision, but after much of Tibet had achieved its present elevation. The Himalaya built against a pre-existing proto-Tibetan highland and only projected above the average height of the plateau after approximately 15 Ma. 3) Monsoon climates have existed across southern Asia for the whole of the Cenozoic, and probably for a lot longer, but that they were of the kind generated by seasonal migrations of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone. 4) The projection of the High Himalaya above the Tibetan Plateau at about 15 Ma coincides with the development of the modern South Asia Monsoon. 5) The East Asia monsoon became established in its present form about the same time as a consequence of topographic changes in northern Tibet and elsewhere in Asia, the loss of moisture sources in the Asian interior and the development of a strong winter Siberian high as global temperatures declined. 6) New radiometric dates of palaeontological finds point to southern Asia's high biodiversity originating in the Paleogene, not the Neogene.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
COLEMAN, M;HODGES, K
通讯作者：
HODGES, K
影响因子：
10
作者：
Favre, Adrien;Paeckert, Martin;Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
通讯作者：
Muellner-Riehl, Alexandra N.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01120.x
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Emerson, Brent C.
通讯作者：
Emerson, Brent C.
量化喜马拉雅造山带的崛起及其对南亚季风的影响
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Ding, Lin;Spicer, R. A.;Mehrotra, R.
通讯作者：
Mehrotra, R.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
ENGLAND, P;SEARLE, M
通讯作者：
SEARLE, M