Sample characterization of automobile and forklift diesel exhaust particles and comparative pulmonary toxicity in mice.
Sample characterization of automobile and forklift diesel exhaust particles and comparative pulmonary toxicity in mice.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.6579
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发表时间：
2004-06
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Gilmour MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh P;DeMarini DM;Dick CA;Tabor DG;Ryan JV;Linak WP;Kobayashi T;Gilmour MI
柴油废气颗粒物(DEP)的两个样本在健康影响研究中占主导地位：一个是来自汽车的DEP(A-DEP)样本，另一个是由叉车发动机产生的国家标准技术研究所标准参考物质(SRM 2975)。A-DEPS在肺部炎症和加重过敏性哮喘样反应方面的作用已被广泛测试。相比之下，SRM 2975已经进行了彻底的遗传毒性测试。在本研究中，我们将两种DEP样品的物理和化学分析与CD-1小鼠的肺毒性测试相结合，以比较这两种材料，并建立它们的物理化学性质和它们的生物效应之间的联系。与SRM 2975相比，A-DEPS的可提取有机物质的数量是SRM 2975的10倍以上，元素碳的数量不到六分之一。在生理盐水中吸入100微克的DEP可造成轻度急性肺损伤，但A-DEPS可诱导巨噬细胞内流和活化，而SRM 2975则可增强多形核细胞的炎症。A-DEPS刺激白介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α、巨噬细胞抑制蛋白-2和TH2细胞因子IL-5的增加，而SRM 2975仅诱导显著的IL-6水平。等量DEPS(100微克)的分级有机提取物对肺部反应没有明显影响，需要进一步研究。所获得的不同结果突出了对正在调查的颗粒物样本进行化学、物理和来源表征的必要性。需要对来自各种产生和收集条件的柴油排放进行多学科毒性测试，以有意义地评估与接触DEPS有关的健康危害。关键词：汽车，柴油废气颗粒物，叉车，小鼠，肺毒性，SRM 2975。
Two samples of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) predominate in health effects research: an automobile-derived DEP (A-DEP) sample and the National Institute of Standards Technology standard reference material (SRM 2975) generated from a forklift engine. A-DEPs have been tested extensively for their effects on pulmonary inflammation and exacerbation of allergic asthmalike responses. In contrast, SRM 2975 has been tested thoroughly for its genotoxicity. In the present study, we combined physical and chemical analyses of both DEP samples with pulmonary toxicity testing in CD-1 mice to compare the two materials and to make associations between their physicochemical properties and their biologic effects. A-DEPs had more than 10 times the amount of extractable organic material and less than one-sixth the amount of elemental carbon compared with SRM 2975. Aspiration of 100 micro g of either DEP sample in saline produced mild acute lung injury; however, A-DEPs induced macrophage influx and activation, whereas SRM 2975 enhanced polymorphonuclear cell inflammation. A-DEPs stimulated an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein-2, and the TH2 cytokine IL-5, whereas SRM 2975 only induced significant levels of IL-6. Fractionated organic extracts of the same quantity of DEPs (100 micro g) did not have a discernable effect on lung responses and will require further study. The disparate results obtained highlight the need for chemical, physical, and source characterization of particle samples under investigation. Multidisciplinary toxicity testing of diesel emissions derived from a variety of generation and collection conditions is required to meaningfully assess the health hazards associated with exposures to DEPs. Key words: automobile, diesel exhaust particles, forklift, mice, pulmonary toxicity, SRM 2975.
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9905052
发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Salvi, SS;Nordenhall, C;Frew, AJ
通讯作者：
Frew, AJ
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Foster, WM;Walters, DM;Miller, LM
通讯作者：
Miller, LM
DOI：
10.1165/ajrcmb.24.4.4085
发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Kawasaki, S;Takizawa, H;Ohtoshi, T
通讯作者：
Ohtoshi, T
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Nel, A E;Diaz-Sanchez, D;Li, N
通讯作者：
Li, N
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Dick, CAJ;Brown, DM;Stone, V
通讯作者：
Stone, V