Aluminum
Aluminum
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-012369413-3/50072-0
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yokel, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sjogren, Bengt;Iregren, Anders;Yokel, Robert A.
铝在环境中无处不在。它占地壳的比例约为8%。铝可以从胃肠道和肺部吸收。主要通过肾脏排泄，可能以柠檬酸铝形式排泄。铝是一种众所周知的神经毒物。人体内的蓄积与透析液中铝的存在以及同时摄入含铝药物有关。这种积累导致透析脑病，往往是致命的。在尿铝>100 μ g/L的焊工中观察到神经毒性作用。非接触者的参考上限为16微克/升。铝被认为是导致阿尔茨海默病的几个因素之一，尽管这还没有得到令人满意的证明。职业暴露于铝粉导致肺纤维化。哮喘与吸入硫酸铝，氟化铝，四氟化钾铝，铝电解车间环境复杂，在铝生产工人中发现了癌症和冠心病。然而，铝本身不太可能导致这些疾病。
Aluminum is ubiquitous in the environment. Its proportion of the earth's crust is about 8%. Aluminum can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and from the lungs. Excretion is mainly by the kidneys, probably as aluminum citrate. Aluminum is a well-known neurotoxicant. Accumulation in the human body has been related to the presence of aluminum in dialysis fluids and the concomitant intake of aluminum-containing drugs. This accumulation has resulted in dialysis encephalopathy that was often fatal. Neurotoxic effects have been observed in welders with aluminum urine >100 mu g/L. The upper reference limit among nonexposed individuals is 16 mu g/L. Aluminum has been suggested to be one of several factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease, although this has not been satisfactorily demonstrated.Occupational exposure to aluminum powder has resulted in pulmonary fibrosis.Asthma has been associated with the inhalation of aluminum sulfate, aluminum fluoride, potassium aluminum tetrafluoride, and the complex environment in potrooms during aluminum production.Cancer and coronary heart disease have been observed among aluminum production workers. However, it is unlikely that aluminum per se is responsible for these diseases.