Medical examiner and coroner systems - History and trends
Medical examiner and coroner systems - History and trends
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.279.11.870
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发表时间：
1998-03-18
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Combs, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanzlick, R;Combs, D
背景。-美国的医学法律调查（主要是非自然或疑似非自然死亡）由法医或验尸官系统进行，法医通常是医生，通常接受过病理学、法医死亡调查和法医尸检方面的培训，在非自然死亡调查方面通常比验尸官拥有更丰富的专业知识。目标。-记录已取代验尸官系统的法医系统的州和县的地点和实施年份设计。-审查已公布的信息和 1997 年全国调查。背景。-美国。参与者。-县法医和州法医或其管理人员。主要结果措施。-拥有法医系统的州和县的位置，每个系统的实施年份，以及法医系统服务的县和人口的比例。结果。-总计91 名县体检人员中有 79 名做出了回应。共有 36 个州在县、区或州一级至少有 1 个法医系统，其中没有验尸官参与死亡调查过程。只有 22 个州设有法医死亡调查系统，并且该州没有验尸官。在13个州中，一些县有验尸官系统，一些县有法医系统，其中8%的县存在法医系统，服务于43%的人口，没有验尸官参与的法医系统服务于全国约48%的人口。自1990年以来，很少有州或县实行法医制度。结论。-本世纪，法医制度逐渐取代了验尸官制度，但这种变化近年来有所放缓，法医制度目前服务于全国约48%的人口。
Context.-Medical legal investigations in the United States (primarily unnatural or suspected unnatural deaths) are carried out by medical examiner or coroner systems, Medical examiners-usually physicians and generally with training in pathology, medicolegal death investigation, and performance of forensic autopsies-generally have greater expertise in unnatural death investigations than do coroners.Objective.-To document the locations and implementation year for states and counties that have medical examiner systems that have replaced coroner systems or that are defined in statute and assist coroners in their investigations.Design.-Review of published information and national survey in 1997.Setting.-United States.Participants.-County medical examiners and state medical examiners or their administrators.Main Outcome Measures.-The location of states and counties with medical examiner systems, the implementation year for each system, and the proportion of counties and population served by medical examiner systems.Results.-A total of 79 of 91 county medical examiners responded. A total of 36 states have at least 1 medical examiner system at the county, district, or state level in which there is no coroner involved in the death investigation process. Only 22 states have medical examiner death investigation systems in place and have no coroners in the state. Among 13 states in which some counties have coroner systems and some have medical examiner systems, medical examiner systems exist in 8% of counties and serve 43% of the population, Medical examiner systems that operate without coroner involvement serve about 48% of the population nationwide. Few state or county medical examiner systems have been implemented since 1990.Conclusions.-In this century, medical examiner systems have gradually replaced coroner systems, but such change has slowed in recent years, with medical examiner systems now serving about 48% of the national population.