Children are cursed: An asymmetric bias in mental-state attribution
Children are cursed: An asymmetric bias in mental-state attribution
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/1467-9280.03436
复制
发表时间：
2003-05-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Bloom, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birch, SAJ;Bloom, P
年幼的孩子在推理错误信念时存在困难。我们认为，这至少部分是由于在成年人中观察到的知识诅咒的结果——在评估一个更天真的人的知识时，自己的知识往往会产生偏见。我们在知识归因任务中对 3 至 5 岁的儿童进行了测试，发现幼儿比年龄较大的儿童表现出更大程度的知识诅咒偏差，这一发现与他们在错误信念任务中遇到的更大困难是一致的。我们还发现，儿童的错误归因是不对称的。它们仅限于孩子们比其他人更有知识的情况；当孩子们比其他人更无知时，就不会发生错误归因。这表明，他们的困难更能用知识的诅咒来表征，而不是用更普遍的自我中心主义或理性解释来表征。
Young children have problems reasoning about false beliefs. We suggest that this is at least partially the result of the same curse of knowledge that has been observed in adults-a tendency to be biased by one's own knowledge when assessing the knowledge of a more naive person. We tested 3- to 5-year-old children in a knowledge-attribution task and found that young children exhibited a curse-of-knowledge bias to a greater extent than older children, a finding that is consistent with their greater difficulty with false-belief tasks. We also found that children's misattributions were asymmetric. They were limited to cases in which the children were more knowledgeable than the other person; misattributions did not occur when the children were more ignorant than the other person. This suggests that their difficulty is better characterized by the curse of knowledge than by more general egocentrism or rationality accounts.