Influenza viral neuraminidase: the forgotten antigen
Influenza viral neuraminidase: the forgotten antigen
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DOI：
10.1586/erv.11.130
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Cox, Manon M. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johansson, Bert E.;Cox, Manon M. J.
尽管有常规的三价灭活疫苗和减毒活流感疫苗，但流感是疫苗可预防的发病率和死亡率的最常见原因。这些疫苗诱导以血凝素（HA）应答为主的免疫力，当疫苗株与流行野生型病毒HA之间存在足够的抗原相关性时，这些疫苗最有效。针对流感的疫苗策略可能受益于除HA之外的其他病毒抗原的包含。流行病学证据和动物和人类研究表明，抗神经氨酸酶（NA）免疫将在疫苗HA组分发生显著抗原性变化时提供保护，防止严重疾病或死亡。而三价灭活疫苗和流感减毒活疫苗诱导的NA免疫很少。流感疫苗中NA的量没有标准化，并且在制造商、生产批次和测试菌株之间存在显著差异。NA酶的活性和稳定性受二价阳离子浓度的影响。如果需要对NA的免疫力，则需要更好地理解酶特性如何影响免疫原性。
Influenza is the most common cause of vaccine-preventable morbidity and mortality despite the availability of the conventional trivalent inactivated vaccine and the live-attenuated influenza vaccine. These vaccines induce an immunity dominated by the response to hemagglutinin (HA) and are most effective when there is sufficient antigenic relatedness between the vaccine strain and the HA of the circulating wild-type virus. Vaccine strategies against influenza may benefit from inclusion of other viral antigens in addition to HA. Epidemiologic evidence and studies in animals and humans indicate that anti-neuraminidase (NA) immunity will provide protection against severe illness or death in the event of a significant antigenic change in the HA component of the vaccine. However, there is little NA immunity induced by trivalent inactivated vaccine and live-attenuated influenza vaccine. The quantity of NA in influenza vaccines is not standardized and varies significantly among manufacturers, production lots and tested strains. The activity and stability of the NA enzyme is influenced by concentration of divalent cations. If immunity against NA is desirable, a better understanding of how the enzymatic properties affect the immunogenicity is needed.