The diverse effects of habitat fragmentation on plant-pollinator interactions
The diverse effects of habitat fragmentation on plant-pollinator interactions
复制标题
栖息地破碎化对植物-传粉媒介相互作用的多种影响
DOI：
10.1007/s11258-016-0608-7
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Dong Ming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiao Yian;Li Xiaohong;Cao Yusong;Dong Ming
生境破碎化影响了各种各样的生物变量，包括物种的丰度和丰富度（人口统计学），物候，男性和女性的生殖适合度，它也影响了授粉网络的专业化程度与泛化。越来越多的证据表明，栖息地破碎化可以对植物传粉者的相互作用产生重大影响。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了栖息地破碎化对植物，传粉者和传粉网络的影响的文献。我们还讨论了授粉网络机制，可能会受到栖息地破碎化。生境破碎化隔离种群，影响种群和群落两个层次的生态特性。有证据表明，栖息地的大小和连通性直接或间接地影响植物和传粉物种的丰度。一般来说，植物和传粉者的多样性和种群规模随着规模和栖息地连通性的减小而减小。植物群落的生境破碎化可以改变植物的物候模式，缩短花期，增加当地传粉者灭绝的风险。碎片化有可能通过改变传粉者或植物密度以及通过改变传粉者行为来影响传粉动态。然而，栖息地破碎化对植物物种开花物候的影响的证据是相对有限的，很少有人知道栖息地破碎化对传粉昆虫物候的影响。栖息地的破碎化也导致许多物种的繁殖减少。相反，其他物种表现出中性或积极的反应，生境破碎化的女性生殖适合度，特别是在植物经常受到花粉限制和授粉限制，导致植物的经验选择，增加在孤立的栖息地自花授粉。栖息地的破碎化往往导致专业物种的灭绝，并导致通才的涌入。然而，研究表明，随着栖息地破碎化的增加，传粉者往往更加普遍。原因是栖息地破碎化改变了植物群的组成，分散了植物资源，因此任何剩余的传粉者可能需要表现为通才才能生存。然而，对生境破碎化的潜在生态后果的了解是有限的，特别是在长期尺度和景观尺度上的影响。我们提出的实验涉及长期监测，永久样本的显花植物，传粉者，以及它们在大的空间和时间尺度上的相互作用。
Habitat fragmentation affects a wide variety of biological variables including species’ abundance and richness (population demography), phenology, male and female reproductive fitness, and it also affects the degree of specialization versus generalization of pollination networks. Evidence is accumulating that suggests that habitat fragmentation can have significant impacts on plant–pollinator interactions. In this article, we review the literature on habitat fragmentation effects on plants, pollinators, and the pollination network. We also discuss pollination network mechanisms that may be affected by habitat fragmentation. Habitat fragmentation isolates populations and affects ecological properties at both population and community levels. Evidence shows that habitat size and connectivity directly or indirectly influence the abundance of both plant and pollinator species. In general, plant and pollinator diversity and population size decrease with the decreasing size and habitat connectivity. Habitat fragmentation of plant communities can shift plant phenological patterns, contract flowering periods and increase the risk of local pollinator extirpation. Fragmentation has the potential to influence pollination dynamics by altering pollinator or plant densities and by altering pollinator behavior. However, evidence for the impact of habitat fragmentation on plant species’ flowering phenology is relatively limited, and little is known about the effect of habitat fragmentation on the phenology of pollinators. Habitat fragmentation also leads to reduced reproduction in many species. In contrast, other species showed neutral or positive responses to habitat fragmentation in female reproductive fitness, especially in plants regularly affected by pollen limitation and pollination limitation which lead to plants’ experience selection for increased autogamy in isolated habitats. Habitat fragmentation often leads to the extirpation of specialist species and results in an influx of generalists. However, studies have shown that pollinators tend to be more generalized as habitat fragmentation increases. The reason is that habitat fragmentation changes the composition of the flora, and scatters floral resources, so any remaining pollinators may need to behave as generalists in order to survive. However, the knowledge of potential ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation is limited, especially regarding the effects on a long-term scale and at landscape scales. We propose experiments involving long-term monitoring, permanent samples of flowering plants, pollinators, and their interactions at large spatial and temporal scales.