Age-related changes in the prevalence of smell/taste problems among the United States adult population - Results of the 1994 disability supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
Age-related changes in the prevalence of smell/taste problems among the United States adult population - Results of the 1994 disability supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10650.x
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Macturk, RH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hoffman, HJ;Ishii, EK;Macturk, RH
关于化学感觉障碍的流行情况的信息一直有限。20世纪70年代末，美国国立卫生研究院(Nth)召集的专家一致认为，美国有200多万成年人有嗅觉或味觉障碍。1987年，美国国家地理学会进行了一项大规模的非随机调查，结果发现，在120万名受访者中，有1%的人无法闻到6种气味中的3种或更多。年龄是一个重要因素，从人生的第二个十年开始下降。目前还没有关于味觉的可比数据，尽管有研究表明，随着年龄的增长，味觉仍然更加强健。国家耳聋和其他沟通障碍研究所(NIDCD)于1993年开始与国家卫生统计中心(NCHS)合作，利用国家健康访谈调查(NHIS)的残疾补充资料获取有关嗅觉/味觉问题流行率的信息。1994年，对大约42,000个随机挑选的家庭(代表大约80,000个18岁以上的成年人)进行了这项调查。根据这项调查得出的调整后的全国估计数显示，270万(1.4%)美国成年人有嗅觉问题。此外，110万(0.6%)成年人报告有味觉问题。当嗅觉或味觉问题结合在一起时，320万(1.65%)成年人表示有慢性化学感官问题。患病率随年龄增长呈指数增长。近40%有化学感官问题的人(150万)年龄在65岁或以上。在多变量分析中，个人的总体健康状况、其他感觉障碍、功能限制(包括站立困难或弯曲)、抑郁、恐惧症和其他几个与健康相关的特征与化学感觉障碍的发生率增加有关。
Information about the prevalence of disorders of the chemical senses has been limited. In the late 1970s, the consensus among experts convened by the National Institutes of Health (NTH) was that more than 2 million adults in the United States had a disorder of smell or taste. A large, nonrandom survey conducted by the National Geographic Society in 1987 found that 1% of their 1.2 million respondents could not smell 3 or more of 6 odorants using a 'scratch and sniff' test. Age was an important factor, with a decline beginning in the second decade of life. No comparable data have been available for taste, although it has been suggested that the sense of taste remains more robust with age. The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), NM, began collaborating with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in 1993 to acquire information on the prevalence of smell/taste problems using the Disability Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). This survey was administered to approximately 42,000 randomly-selected households (representing about 80,000 adults over 18 years of age) in 1994. Adjusted national estimates derived from this survey showed a prevalence of 2.7 million (1.4%) U.S. adults with an olfactory problem. Also, 1.1 million (0.6%) adults reported a gustatory problem. When smell or taste problems were combined, 3.2 million (1.65%) adults indicated a chronic chemosensory problem. The prevalence rates increased exponentially with age. Almost 40% with a chemosensory problem (1.5 million) were 65 years of age or greater. In a multivariate analysis, the individual's overall health status, other sensory impairments, functional limitations (including difficulty standing or bending), depression, phobia, and several other health-related characteristics were associated with an increase in the rate of chemosensory disorders.