Weather conditions and cerebrospinal meningitis in Benin (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa)
Weather conditions and cerebrospinal meningitis in Benin (Gulf of Guinea, West Africa)
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1007365919013
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发表时间：
1997-10-01
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Oke, PC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besancenot, JP;Boko, M;Oke, PC
在28年的时间里，脑脊髓膜炎在贝宁境内主要在11月至3月、4月或有时在5月期间发生，有时是零星的，有时是流行病。平均而言，高峰出现在2 - 3月。回归分析证实，该疾病的时间变异性的14%至34.5%是由于北方信风（harmartan）和北方地区的绝对湿度低，这构成了该国的主要流行病学极点。相反，在最南部的地区，脑脊髓膜炎和气候是完全相互独立的，在那里，虽然脑膜炎带目前正在向南扩展，但很少发生harmattan。但在沿海地区和淡季，即地方性脑膜炎主要影响一岁以下幼儿的时候，病死率特别高。无论如何，气候与脑膜炎的关系被证明比有时假设的要弱，也许是因为这种关系部分地被人类效应（疫苗接种运动）和疾病爆发前的潜伏期所掩盖。
Over a 28-year period cerebrospinal meningitis, in sporadic as well as epidemic situations, mainly affected the Beninese territory from November to March, April or sometimes May. On the average, the acme occured in February-March. A regression analysis confirmed that 14 to 34.5% of the temporal variability of the disease was due to the northern trade wind (harmattan) and a low absolute humidity in the northern areas, which constitute the main epidemiological pole of the country. On the contrary, cerebrospinal meningitis and climate turned out to be fully independent one from the other in the southernmost areas, where the harmattan is seldom experienced although the meningitis belt is at the present time spreading southwards. But the case-fatality ratio was especially high in the coastal region and during the off season, i.e. when endemic meningitis predominantly affected small children aged under one year. In any way, the climate-meningitis relationship proved to be weaker than is sometimes assumed, perhaps because this relationship is partly overshadowed by both anthropic effects (vaccination campaigns) and latency before disease outbreak.