Differential trajectories of well-being in older adult women: the role of optimism.
Differential trajectories of well-being in older adult women: the role of optimism.
复制标题
老年女性幸福感的差异轨迹：乐观的作用。
DOI：
10.1111/aphw.12033
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
McAuley,Edward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olson,ErinA;Fanning,JasonT;Awick,ElizabethA;Chung,HyondoD;McAuley,Edward
健康对健康老龄化至关重要。本研究在39个月的时间里调查了老年妇女（n= 248）的健康轨迹和决定因素。方法参与者完成了乐观、悲观、功能限制、身体活动和自我效能的测量。幸福感，即生活满意度，分别在基线、12、24和39个月进行评估。潜在增长和阶级分析考察了福祉的轨迹和变化的前兆。结果整体模型检验为线性增长模式，与数据拟合良好[χ2(df= 5) = 7.77,p=。17、cfi =。98、rmsea =。[05]，揭示了总体上显著但适度的幸福感下降。进一步揭示了三个潜在的类别；一类患者（n= 34, 13.3%）开始时的健康水平中等（Mi= 25.4,p<）。001)，随着时间的推移而降低（Ms= - 3.12,p< .001）。第二类患者（n= 54, 21.8%）开始时的幸福感较低（Mi= 17.1,p< .001），此后一直较低（Ms= .702,p= .378）。第三类（n= 161, 64.9%）从高水平的幸福感开始（Mi= 28.4,p< .001），并一直保持（Ms= - 0.027,p= .841）。随着时间的推移，较高的乐观情绪和较低的悲观情绪区分了幸福感下降和维持幸福感的差异。结论乐观和悲观似乎是社区老年妇女幸福感模式的差异。促进乐观诱导策略可能有助于保持老年人的幸福感。
BackgroundWell‐being is important to healthy aging. The present study examined the trajectories and determinants of well‐being in older women (n= 248) over a 39‐month period.MethodsParticipants completed measures of optimism, pessimism, functional limitations, physical activity, and self‐efficacy. Well‐being, operationalised as life satisfaction, was assessed at baseline, 12, 24, and 39 months. Latent growth and class analyses examined trajectories of well‐being and antecedents of change.ResultsThe overall model testing a linear growth pattern fit the data well [χ2(df= 5) = 7.77,p= .17, CFI = .98, RMSEA = .05], revealing an overall significant, but modest decline in well‐being. Three latent classes were further revealed; one class (n= 34, 13.3%) began with moderate levels of well‐being (Mi= 25.4,p< .001), which decreased across time (Ms= −3.12,p< .001). A second class (n= 54, 21.8%) began with lower well‐being (Mi= 17.1,p< .001) that remained low (Ms= .702,p= .378). The third class (n= 161, 64.9%) started with high levels of well‐being (Mi= 28.4,p< .001) which were maintained (Ms= −.027,p= .841). Higher optimism and lower pessimism differentiated between declining well‐being and maintaining well‐being across time.ConclusionsOptimism and pessimism appear to differentiate patterns of well‐being in community‐dwelling older women. Promoting optimism‐inducing strategies may be useful for maintaining well‐being in older adulthood.