Metabarcoding Approaches in Amphibian Disease Ecology: Disentangling the Functional Contributions of Skin Bacteria on Disease Outcome
Metabarcoding Approaches in Amphibian Disease Ecology: Disentangling the Functional Contributions of Skin Bacteria on Disease Outcome
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两栖动物疾病生态学中的元条形码方法：阐明皮肤细菌对疾病结果的功能贡献
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icac062
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Longo, Ana V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Longo, Ana V.
分子技术彻底改变了野生动物疾病生态学领域，允许检测疫情、新型病原体和入侵菌株。特别是，元条形码编码方法，在这里定义为用于从单个样本中扩增和测序通用条形码的工具（例如，细菌的16 S rRNA，真菌的ITS，真核生物的18 S rRNA），通过整合调节疾病结果的微生物相互作用，扩展了我们对宿主-病原体动力学的传统观点。在这里，我从两栖动物疾病生态学的角度进行了分析，多宿主病原体的出现导致了全球性的下降和物种灭绝。我重新分析了一个实验性的mesocosm数据集，以推断coqui青蛙（Eleutherodactylus coqui）的皮肤微生物组的功能概况，这是一种两栖动物物种，一直被发现感染真菌病原体Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisand具有由季节变化驱动的皮肤细菌的高营业额。我发现微生物组的代谢活动根据季节以不同的能力运作。预测功能的全球富集在暖湿季节更加突出，表明在凉干季节微生物组要么depaeroate，抵抗新的细菌定植，或者它们的功能空间更加饱和。这些发现为研究微生物如何调节种群增长和促进宿主生理过程提供了重要途径。总的来说，这项研究强调了当前的挑战和未来的机会，在应用元条码调查野生系统中的疾病的原因和后果。
Molecular technologies have revolutionized the field of wildlife disease ecology, allowing the detection of outbreaks, novel pathogens, and invasive strains. In particular, metabarcoding approaches, defined here as tools used to amplify and sequence universal barcodes from a single sample (e.g., 16S rRNA for bacteria, ITS for fungi, 18S rRNA for eukaryotes), are expanding our traditional view of host–pathogen dynamics by integrating microbial interactions that modulate disease outcome. Here, I provide an analysis from the perspective of the field of amphibian disease ecology, where the emergence of multi-host pathogens has caused global declines and species extinctions. I reanalyzed an experimental mesocosm dataset to infer the functional profiles of the skin microbiomes of coqui frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui), an amphibian species that is consistently found infected with the fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisand has high turnover of skin bacteria driven by seasonal shifts. I found that the metabolic activities of microbiomes operate at different capacities depending on the season. Global enrichment of predicted functions was more prominent during the warm-wet season, indicating that microbiomes during the cool-dry season were either depauperate, resistant to new bacterial colonization, or that their functional space was more saturated. These findings suggest important avenues to investigate how microbes regulate population growth and contribute to host physiological processes. Overall, this study highlights the current challenges and future opportunities in the application of metabarcoding to investigate the causes and consequences of disease in wild systems.