Grain boundaries in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
Grain boundaries in graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
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DOI：
10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/035024
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发表时间：
2013-03-21
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lambin, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Biro, Laszlo P.;Lambin, Philippe
综述了石墨烯中的晶界（GB）的科学文献。综述主要集中在实验结果的化学气相沉积（CVD）生长的石墨烯在一个非常广泛的实验条件（温度，压力，氢/烃比，气体流速和基板）。在取决于石墨烯来源的GB中发现了差异：在微机械裂解的石墨烯（使用源自高温高压合成的石墨生产）中，更频繁地发现分离两个完美石墨烯微晶的非六边形环的行，而在CVD生产的石墨烯中-尽管在不同实验室中使用的生长条件范围很广-具有更明显的无序的GB更频繁。结合所观察到的无序现象，讨论了二维无定形碳的稳定性，并对可能影响GBs结构的生长条件进行了综述。最常用的GB结构的原子尺度表征方法，它们的可能性和局限性，以及在研究过程中CVD石墨烯中GB的变化（例如，G.在电子束照射下）。回顾了GB无序对电输运和热输运的影响，并总结了关于GB化学性质的相对较少的数据。GB是足够复杂的纳米物体，因此两个实验产生的几微米长的GB在所有原子尺度的细节上都不太可能完全相同。尽管如此，某些概括性的结论可能会制定，这可能有助于实验学家解释结果和计划新的实验，从而导致CVD石墨烯中GB的更系统的图片。
The scientific literature on grain boundaries (GBs) in graphene was reviewed. The review focuses mainly on the experimental findings on graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) under a very wide range of experimental conditions (temperature, pressure hydrogen/hydrocarbon ratio, gas flow velocity and substrates). Differences were found in the GBs depending on the origin of graphene: in micro-mechanically cleaved graphene (produced using graphite originating from high-temperature, high-pressure synthesis), rows of non-hexagonal rings separating two perfect graphene crystallites are found more frequently, while in graphene produced by CVD-despite the very wide range of growth conditions used in different laboratories-GBs with more pronounced disorder are more frequent. In connection with the observed disorder, the stability of two-dimensional amorphous carbon is discussed and the growth conditions that may impact on the structure of the GBs are reviewed. The most frequently used methods for the atomic scale characterization of the GB structures, their possibilities and limitations and the alterations of the GBs in CVD graphene during the investigation (e. g. under e-beam irradiation) are discussed. The effects of GB disorder on electric and thermal transport are reviewed and the relatively scarce data available on the chemical properties of the GBs are summarized. GBs are complex enough nanoobjects so that it may be unlikely that two experimentally produced GBs of several microns in length could be completely identical in all of their atomic scale details. Despite this, certain generalized conclusions may be formulated, which may be helpful for experimentalists in interpreting the results and in planning new experiments, leading to a more systematic picture of GBs in CVD graphene.