Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change
Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1701262114
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发表时间：
2017-06
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通讯作者：
C. Roberts;Bethan C. O’Leary;D. McCauley;P. Cury;C. Duarte;J. Lubchenco;D. Pauly;A. Saenz-Arroyo;U. R. Sumaila;R. Wilson;B. Worm;J. Castilla
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作者：
C. Roberts;Bethan C. O’Leary;D. McCauley;P. Cury;C. Duarte;J. Lubchenco;D. Pauly;A. Saenz-Arroyo;U. R. Sumaila;R. Wilson;B. Worm;J. Castilla
要实现2015年《巴黎协定》所确定的减排轨迹，就需要大幅减少温室气体排放。然而，即便如此减排，也无法避免对地球生命造成严重的压力和损害，还需要采取额外的措施来增强生态系统的复原力，保护其中的野生动植物，并维护其提供重要物资和服务的能力。我们探讨了管理良好的海洋保护区如何帮助海洋生态系统和人类适应气候变化的五个显著影响：酸化、海平面上升、风暴加剧、物种分布变化以及生产力和氧气可获取性下降，以及它们的累积效应。我们探究了受管理的生态系统通过促进碳固存和储存以及缓冲管理中的不确定性、环境波动、定向变化和极端事件，在缓解气候变化方面所起的作用。我们强调了其优势和局限性，并得出结论：海洋保护区是一种可行的低技术、具有成本效益的适应策略，将在从地方到全球的范围内产生多种协同效益，改善未来环境和人类的前景。
Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change by promoting carbon sequestration and storage and by buffering against uncertainty in management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, and extreme events. We highlight both strengths and limitations and conclude that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future.