OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RETINAL RECEPTORS
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RETINAL RECEPTORS
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DOI：
10.1364/josa.53.000071
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发表时间：
1963-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
ENOCH, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ENOCH, JM
在受体光学的研究中，当前的时代起源于Stiles和Crawford在1933年发现的视网膜定向敏感性。近年来，受体光学性质的本质复杂性已经被揭示出来。这些属性引起方向灵敏度，色调，饱和度和分辨率的变化。它们已被用于分离光位和暗位函数，并指示受体取向性质的状态。在一些表现为弱视或视网膜病变的患者中，已经注意到受体定向敏感性的特征性障碍。现在有可能诱导人类受体取向的改变。视网膜受体、受体椭球体内的线粒体、受体外节各片层的光敏色素定向。视锥中椭球体的锥度允许更有效的能量传递，可能在受体方向性中起重要作用。受体的结构、直径和指数引起能量传递的波导模态模式形式。这导致能量在受体外段内和周围的分布不均匀。这些分布及其透射率在单个视网膜受体内和不同视网膜受体之间随波长和入射光角的变化而变化。这些现象在视觉中的作用（特别是波长分离机制）需要评估。
In the study of receptor optics, the current era originates with the discovery of retinal directional sensitivity by Stiles and Crawford in 1933. In recent years the essential complexities of receptor-optical properties have been revealed. These properties give rise to directional sensitivity, hue, saturation, and resolution changes. They have been employed to separate photopic from scotopic functions, and to indicate the status of receptor-orientation properties. In some patients exhibiting amblyopia or retinal pathology, characteristic disturbances in receptor directional sensitivity have been noted. It is now possible to induce changes in human receptor orientation. Retinal receptors, mitochondria in receptor ellipsoids, and the lamellae and the photosensitive pigment in each lamella of receptor outer segments are orientated. Taper of ellipsoids in retinal cones allows more efficient energy transfer and probably plays an important role in receptor directionality. The configurations, diameters, and indexes of the receptors give rise to the waveguide modal-pattern form of energy transfer. This results in nonuniform distributions of energy in and about receptor outer segments. These distributions and their transmissivity vary within single, and between different retinal receptors as a function of wavelength, and angle of incidence of light. The roles played by these phenomena in vision (particularly the wavelength separation mechanism) require evaluation.