Diesel and biodiesel exhaust particle effects on rat alveolar macrophages with in vitro exposure
Diesel and biodiesel exhaust particle effects on rat alveolar macrophages with in vitro exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.080
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Madden, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhavaraju, Laya;Shannahan, Jonathan;Madden, Michael
柴油发动机的燃烧排放物排放出沉积在肺部的颗粒物。肺泡巨噬细胞 (AM) 遇到颗粒并试图吞噬颗粒。已发现柴油内燃机的排放颗粒含有多种生物活性成分，包括金属和多环芳烃，会对健康造成不利影响。然而，人们对 AM 对生物柴油掺入颗粒的反应知之甚少。本研究的目的是检查生物柴油混合物 (B20) 和低硫石油柴油 (PDEP) 废气颗粒对 Wistar京都大鼠 AM 的毒性。颗粒以1-500μg·mL(-1)的范围独立地悬浮在介质中。结果表明，B20 和 PDEP 在暴露后引发了 AM 炎症信号的剂量依赖性增加。暴露于 B20 和 PDEP 24 小时后，环氧合酶 2 (COX-2) 和巨噬细胞炎症蛋白 2 (MIP-2) 的基因表达增加。与 PDEP 相比，B20 暴露导致在较低颗粒浓度下前列腺素 E-2 (PGE(2)) 释放增加。 B20 和 PDEP 在高浓度下对 PGE(2) 的螯合表现出相似的亲和力，表明检测不会受到损害。我们的数据表明，AM 中 PGE(2) 的释放取决于颗粒的化学成分。包括金属和离子测量在内的颗粒分析表明，B20 比 PDEP 含有更多的精选金属。在原柴油中掺入20%的生物柴油，其他颗粒成分一般可减少20%。这项研究表明，与柴油相比，AM 暴露于 B20 会导致体外 PGE(2) 产量增加。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Combustion emissions from diesel engines emit particulate matter which deposits within the lungs. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) encounter the particles and attempt to engulf the particles. Emissions particles from diesel combustion engines have been found to contain diverse biologically active components including metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons which cause adverse health effects. However little is known about AM response to particles from the incorporation of biodiesel. The objective of this study was to examine the toxicity in Wistar Kyoto rat AM of biodiesel blend (B20) and low sulfur petroleum diesel (PDEP) exhaust particles. Particles were independently suspended in media at a range of 1-500 mu g mL(-1). Results indicated B20 and PDEP initiated a dose dependent increase of inflammatory signals from AM after exposure. After 24 h exposure to B20 and PDEP gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2) increased. B20 exposure resulted in elevated prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) release at lower particle concentrations compared to PDEP. B20 and PDEP demonstrated similar affinity for sequestration of PGE(2) at high concentrations, suggesting detection is not impaired. Our data suggests PGE(2) release from AM is dependent on the chemical composition of the particles. Particle analysis including measurements of metals and ions indicate B20 contains more of select metals than PDEP. Other particle components generally reduced by 20% with 20% incorporation of biodiesel into original diesel. This study shows AM exposure to B20 results in increased production of PGE(2) in vitro relative to diesel. Published by Elsevier Ltd.