Microbial communication, cooperation and cheating: quorum sensing drives the evolution of cooperation in bacteria.
Microbial communication, cooperation and cheating: quorum sensing drives the evolution of cooperation in bacteria.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0006655
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发表时间：
2009-08-17
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hoekstra RF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Czárán T;Hoekstra RF
越来越多的经验证据表明，克隆伴侣之间的合作在细菌中很常见。细菌合作可能采取“公共产品”的排泄形式：外产物，如毒力因子、外酶或生物膜基质成分，为加入共同努力生产它们的个体带来显著利益。据推测，当种群过于稀少而无法提供足够的外产物水平时，为了节省不必要的成本，许多细菌已经进化出一种简单的化学通信系统，称为群体感应（QS），以“测量”邻近克隆伴侣的种群密度。合作基因的表达仅高于QS信号分子重捕获的阈值率，即高于合作者的局部法定人数。合作群体容易受到骗子的剥削，即那些贡献较少或不付出努力但充分享受合作利益的突变体。通信系统也容易受到另一种类型的骗子（“骗子”）的攻击，他们可能会产生QS信号，但不会产生外部产品，从而破坏了信号的可靠性。既然没有理由假设这些作弊者不会进化并入侵诚实发出信号的合作者群体，细菌合作和相关的QS通信系统存在的经验事实似乎令人困惑。使用随机元胞自动机方法，并允许在最初不合作，不交流的菌株中发生突变，我们表明合作和相关的通信系统都可以进化，传播并保持持久。QS基因有助于合作行为入侵群体，反之亦然；在细菌中，合作和交流可能是协同进化的。此外，与最近可获得的经验数据一致，这种协同作用开辟了一个非常丰富的社会互动领域，其中欺骗和剥削是司空见惯的。
An increasing body of empirical evidence suggests that cooperation among clone-mates is common in bacteria. Bacterial cooperation may take the form of the excretion of “public goods”: exoproducts such as virulence factors, exoenzymes or components of the matrix in biofilms, to yield significant benefit for individuals joining in the common effort of producing them. Supposedly in order to spare unnecessary costs when the population is too sparse to supply the sufficient exoproduct level, many bacteria have evolved a simple chemical communication system called quorum sensing (QS), to “measure” the population density of clone-mates in their close neighborhood. Cooperation genes are expressed only above a threshold rate of QS signal molecule re-capture, i.e., above the local quorum of cooperators. The cooperative population is exposed to exploitation by cheaters, i.e., mutants who contribute less or nil to the effort but fully enjoy the benefits of cooperation. The communication system is also vulnerable to a different type of cheaters (“Liars”) who may produce the QS signal but not the exoproduct, thus ruining the reliability of the signal. Since there is no reason to assume that such cheaters cannot evolve and invade the populations of honestly signaling cooperators, the empirical fact of the existence of both bacterial cooperation and the associated QS communication system seems puzzling. Using a stochastic cellular automaton approach and allowing mutations in an initially non-cooperating, non-communicating strain we show that both cooperation and the associated communication system can evolve, spread and remain persistent. The QS genes help cooperative behavior to invade the population, and vice versa; cooperation and communication might have evolved synergistically in bacteria. Moreover, in good agreement with the empirical data recently available, this synergism opens up a remarkably rich repertoire of social interactions in which cheating and exploitation are commonplace.
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影响因子：
9.4
作者：
Dénervaud, V;TuQuoc, P;van Delden, C
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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影响因子：
2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Hoekstra, Rolf F.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.012399899
发表时间：
2002-01-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Czárán, TL;Hoekstra, RF;Pagie, L
通讯作者：
Pagie, L