Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance.
Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaim.2017.05.004
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Birdi TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta PD;Birdi TJ
上个世纪抗生素的发现减少了感染性疾病的死亡率和发病率，但不适当和不合理的使用导致了耐药微生物种群的出现。靶位改变、药物主动外排和酶降解是病原菌对抗生素产生内在耐药性的策略。这导致了人们对药用植物的兴趣增加，因为目前25%-50%的药物是从植物中提取的。药用植物粗提物含有多种次生代谢物，可作为抗性改良剂的替代来源。这些代谢物(生物碱、单宁、多酚等)可作为潜在的抗菌剂和抗药性改良剂。植物提取物能够与蛋白质结构域结合，从而修饰或抑制蛋白质之间的相互作用。这使得这些草药也可以作为与宿主相关的细胞过程的有效调节器，即免疫反应、有丝分裂、细胞凋亡和信号转导。因此，它们不仅可以通过杀死微生物来发挥其活性，还可以通过影响致病过程中的关键事件来发挥其活性，从而使细菌、真菌和病毒对植物产生抗药性的能力降低。这篇文章的目的是鼓励研究，其中提取物的杀灭活性不是唯一考虑的参数，但调查了植物可以对抗耐药微生物的其他作用机制。本文着重阐述了对抗多药耐药的机制。
The discovery of antibiotics in the previous century lead to reduction in mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases but their inappropriate and irrational use has resulted in emergence of resistant microbial populations. Alteration of target sites, active efflux of drugs and enzymatic degradations are the strategies employed by the pathogenic bacteria to develop intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. This has led to an increased interest in medicinal plants since 25–50% of current pharmaceuticals are plant derived. Crude extracts of medicinal plants could serve as an alternate source of resistance modifying agents owing to the wide variety of secondary metabolites. These metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols etc.) could act as potentials for antimicrobials and resistance modifiers. Plant extracts have the ability to bind to protein domains leading to modification or inhibition protein–protein interactions. This enables the herbals to also present themselves as effective modulators of host related cellular processes viz immune response, mitosis, apoptosis and signal transduction. Thus they may exert their activity not only by killing the microorganism but by affecting key events in the pathogenic process, thereby, the bacteria, fungi and viruses may have a reduced ability to develop resistance to botanicals. The article is meant to stimulate research wherein the cidal activity of the extract is not the only parameter considered but other mechanism of action by which plants can combat drug resistant microbes are investigated. The present article emphasizes on mechanisms involved in countering multi drug resistance.