Rural Electrification Now and Then: Comparing Contemporary Challenges in Developing Countries to the USA's Experience in Retrospect
Rural Electrification Now and Then: Comparing Contemporary Challenges in Developing Countries to the USA's Experience in Retrospect
复制标题
农村电气化的时势：发展中国家当代挑战与美国经验的回顾比较
DOI：
10.1080/08039410.2012.732108
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
L. Tasciotti
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Pellegrini;L. Tasciotti
尽管电力的重要性得到广泛承认，但并非所有地方都有电力供应，地球仪的许多地区仍然依赖替代能源，如木材、木炭和煤油。美国是第一个完全电气化的国家。本文探讨了发展中国家目前面临的挑战，介绍了美国的历史证据，并比较了这些经验，讨论了比较的政策相关性。美国的电气化过程远非一个平稳的过程，而是一个漫长而复杂的过渡过程。本文分析了美国电气化进程所面临的挑战和政策应对措施。这些政策的突出特点之一是相当全面，包括补贴和信贷计划、住房所有权政策、大众媒体宣传、提供适当的维修服务和妇女的直接参与。
Despite its widely recognized importance, electricity is not yet available everywhere, and there are many areas of the globe which still depend on alternative sources of energy such as wood, charcoal and kerosene. In contrast, the USA was the first country to be fully electrified. This article explores the current challenges faced by developing countries, presents the historical evidence from the USA and compares these experiences discussing the policy relevance of the comparison. Far from being a smooth process, the electrification process in the USA was a long and complex transition. The article analyses the challenges and policy responses that characterized the US electrification process. One of the outstanding features of these policies is that they are quite comprehensive and include subsidies and credit schemes, house ownership policies, mass media campaigns, the provision of adequate repair service and the direct involvement of women.