Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits
Reduced prosocial motivation and effort in adolescents with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.13945
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发表时间：
2024-01-29
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Viding，Essi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaule，Anne;Martin，Peter;Viding，Essi
背景亲社会行为-有利于他人的行为-对包括人类在内的许多物种至关重要。然而，青少年与行为问题（CP），不像他们的典型发展（TD）的同龄人，表现出显着减少参与亲社会行为。这种模式在患有CP和高水平冷酷无情特质（CP/HCU）的青少年中尤为明显，他们在成年后患精神病的风险增加。虽然大量的研究已经调查了被认为是反社会行为基础的认知情感机制，但对于可以解释CP青少年亲社会行为减少的机制知之甚少。（其他，亲社会条件）与CP/HCU，CP和较低水平的CU特质（CP/LCU）的儿童和他们的TD同龄人。该任务捕获了11-16岁的青少年男孩（27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD）的亲社会选择和亲社会选择后的实际努力。我们使用计算模型，以揭示机械过程时，选择亲社会的acts.ResultsWe发现，CP/HCU和CP/LCU组更反对发起努力的亲社会行为比TD青少年-无论是在认知和行为水平。引人注目的是，即使他们选择发起一个亲社会的行为，CP/HCU组施加更少的努力比其他groups.ConclusionsOur的研究结果表明，减少努力，以造福他人可能是一个重要的因素，区分青少年与CP/HCU从他们的同龄人与CP/LCU。他们提供了新的见解，什么可能会导致CP青少年的低亲社会行为，包括可能特别困扰那些具有高水平CU特征的脆弱性。
BackgroundProsocial behaviours – acts that benefit others – are of crucial importance for many species including humans. However, adolescents with conduct problems (CP), unlike their typically developing (TD) peers, demonstrate markedly reduced engagement in prosocial behaviours. This pattern is particularly pronounced in adolescents with CP and high levels of callous‐unemotional traits (CP/HCU) who are at increased risk of developing psychopathy in adulthood. While a substantial amount of research has investigated the cognitive‐affective mechanisms thought to underlie antisocial behaviour, much less is known about the mechanisms that could explain reduced prosocial behaviours in adolescents with CP.MethodsHere we examined the willingness to exert effort to benefit oneself (self) and another person (other, prosocial condition) in children with CP/HCU, CP and lower levels of CU traits (CP/LCU) and their TD peers. The task captured both prosocial choices, and actual effort exerted following prosocial choices, in adolescent boys aged 11–16 (27 CP/HCU; 34 CP/LCU; 33 TD). We used computational modelling to reveal the mechanistic processes involved when choosing prosocial acts.ResultsWe found that both CP/HCU and CP/LCU groups were more averse to initiating effortful prosocial acts than TD adolescents – both at a cognitive and at a behavioural level. Strikingly, even if they chose to initiate a prosocial act, the CP/HCU group exerted less effort following this prosocial choice than other groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that reduced exertion of effort to benefit others may be an important factor that differentiates adolescents with CP/HCU from their peers with CP/LCU. They offer new insights into what might drive low prosocial behaviour in adolescents with CP, including vulnerabilities that may particularly characterise those with high levels of CU traits.