Ontogeny of swift fox Vulpes velox vocalizations:: production, usage and response
Ontogeny of swift fox Vulpes velox vocalizations:: production, usage and response
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DOI：
10.1163/156853906777791351
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Dabelsteen, Torben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darden, Safi K.;Dabelsteen, Torben
三个过程，生产，使用和反应，可以用来描述声音本体发生。由于与每个过程相关的不同选择压力，它们可能对给定的发声和给定的物种相互独立地发育。我们利用圈养狐狸从出生窝出现（3-4周龄）到出生分散到野外（4-5个月龄）的录音和观察，研究了快速狐Vulpes velox的声音个体发育。我们首先将成年狐在交配和幼崽养育季节使用的发声分类为发声类型（总共19种），发现狐的发声曲目在大小和多样性上与其他犬科动物相当。幼狐的发声库包含了19种成年型发声中的16种，10周龄时有1种幼年型发声，之后到研究结束时没有出现新的发声类型。在幼崽中没有观察到的三种成年鸣叫中的两种似乎与交配和可能的领土争夺有关，第三种是高强度的警报鸣叫。除了3种声音类型（1种警报和2种非激动型），一旦发声出现在青少年的曲目中，它们似乎不会随着时间的推移而改变。幼鱼对成人发出的5种鸣叫（警报、激动和非激动）的反应随着年龄的增长而变化，接近成人型的反应。这些对三种警告声中的两种的成人型反应的出现与它们第一次出现在青少年的曲目中是一致的。结果表明，在三个过程中，随着时间的推移，修改的程度（就声乐类型的数量而言）有所不同。
Three processes, production, usage, and response, can be used to describe vocal ontogeny. They may develop independently of each other for a given vocalization and a given species as a result of the different selective pressures associated with each process. We have investigated vocal ontogeny in the swift fox Vulpes velox, using recordings and observations of captive foxes from the time of natal den emergence (age 3-4 weeks) to the time of natal dispersal in the wild (age 4-5 months). We first classified adult vocalizations used during the mating and pup rearing seasons into vocal types (19 types in total) and found that swift foxes have a vocal repertoire comparable in size and diversity to other canids. The repertoire of juvenile foxes contained 16 of the 19 adult-type vocalizations and one juvenile vocalization by age 10 weeks, after which no new types appeared by the end of the study period. Two of the 3 adult vocalizations not observed in juveniles appear to be associated with mating and possibly territoriality and the third is a high intensity alarm vocalization. Apart from 3 vocal types (I alarm and 2 non-agonistic), once vocalizations had appeared in the juvenile repertoire, they did not seem to change in context over time. Juvenile responses to 5 vocalizations emitted by adults Q alarm, I agonistic, and I non-agonistic) appeared to change with increasing age to approach adult-type responses. The emergence of these adult-type responses to 2 of the 3 alarm vocalizations coincided with their first appearance in the juvenile repertoire. The results indicate that there is variation in the degree (in terms of the number of vocal types) of modification over time among the three processes.