In the Eyes of the Beholders: Female Choice and Avian Predation Risk Associated with an Exaggerated Male Butterfly Color
In the Eyes of the Beholders: Female Choice and Avian Predation Risk Associated with an Exaggerated Male Butterfly Color
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DOI：
10.1086/657043
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Rutowski, Ronald L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morehouse, Nathan I.;Rutowski, Ronald L.
色彩装饰物通常被认为是性别和自然选择的反补偿产物，因为色彩更鲜艳、更有吸引力的个体也可能更容易引起捕食者的注意。然而，尽管有证据表明这种反补贴选择存在于脊椎动物的颜色装饰中（例如，特立尼达孔雀鱼），但在无脊椎动物中还没有类似的研究报告。事实上，在无脊椎动物中，基于现存雄性颜色变化的雌性配偶选择的证据是有限的，研究人员也没有明确地问，更有吸引力的雄性是否也更容易被捕食者发现。本文提供的证据表明，颜色越深的雄性卷心菜白蝴蝶（Pieris rapae）对雌性越有吸引力，但对捕食者来说也更明显。当雌性油菜从自然发生或实验诱导的相应颜色变异的雄性群体中选择时，会优先与颜色较多的雄性交配。女性色觉的数学模型证实，女性应该能够区分未来伴侣之间的颜色差异。此外，从女性视觉系统模型得出的色度和亮度对比分数比直接从颜色光谱得出的男性颜色测量结果更能预测男性的交配成功率。最后，鸟类的色觉模型表明，偏爱的雄性在已知的鸟类捕食者面前更显眼。
Color ornaments are often viewed as products of countervailing sexual and natural selection, because more colorful, more attractive individuals may also be more conspicuous to predators. However, while evidence for such countervailing selection exists for vertebrate color ornaments (e. g., Trinidadian guppies), similar studies have yet to be reported in invertebrates. Indeed, evidence for female mate choice based on extant variation in male coloration is limited in invertebrates, and researchers have not explicitly asked whether more attractive males are also more conspicuous to predators. Here we provide evidence that more chromatic male cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) are more attractive to females but should also be more conspicuous to predators. Female P. rapae preferentially mate with more chromatic males when choosing from populations of males with naturally occurring or commensurate, experimentally induced color variation. Mathematical models of female color vision confirm that females should be able to discriminate color differences between prospective mates. Further, chromatic and luminance contrast scores from female visual system models better predicted male mating success than did measures of male color derived more directly from color spectra. Last, models of avian color vision suggest that preferred males should be more conspicuous to known avian predators.