Lamprey lecticans link new vertebrate genes to the origin and elaboration of vertebrate tissues
Lamprey lecticans link new vertebrate genes to the origin and elaboration of vertebrate tissues
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.020
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发表时间：
2021-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Medeiros，Daniel M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Root，Zachary D.;Jandzik，David;Medeiros，Daniel M.
脊椎动物从无脊椎动物脊索动物祖先进化而来，涉及到新器官、组织和细胞类型的进化。它还以新基因家族的起源和复制为标志。在脊椎动物进化中，这些形态和基因创新是否以及如何相关是一个悬而未决的问题。透明质酸是一种细胞外基质(ECM)多糖，对水的动态平衡和组织结构非常重要。脊椎动物拥有一种名为Lecticans的新型透明质酸结合蛋白家族，对有颌类脊椎动物的研究表明，它们在许多脊椎动物特有的细胞和组织中发挥功能。这提出了一种可能性，即该基因家族的起源和/或扩展帮助推动了这些脊椎动物新奇物种的进化。为了更好地了解海鳗(Petromyzon Marinus)的进化及其在脊椎动物形态新颖性进化中的作用，我们研究了无颌脊椎动物海鳗(Petromyzon Marinus)的系统发育、基因组排列和表达模式。虽然海鳗和脊椎动物都有四个分枝杆菌，但我们的系统发育和同线分析与七鳃鳗血统中一个分枝较多的分支的独立复制最为一致。尽管七鳃鳗和节肢动物家族可能独立扩张，但我们发现在脊椎动物特有的组织和间充质来源的组织中，Flecticanss的表达高度保守。我们还发现，与节口动物不同的是，七鳃鳗在不同的头骨前体亚群中表达其基因序列，这可能反映了祖先骨骼组织类型的多样性。综上所述，这些观察表明，祖先的前复制凝集素具有复杂的表达模式，功能支持间充质组织学，并可能在脊椎动物特有的细胞和组织类型的进化中发挥作用。
The evolution of vertebrates from an invertebrate chordate ancestor involved the evolution of new organs, tissues, and cell types. It was also marked by the origin and duplication of new gene families. If, and how, these morphological and genetic innovations are related is an unresolved question in vertebrate evolution. Hyaluronan is an extracellular matrix (ECM) polysaccharide important for water homeostasis and tissue structure. Vertebrates possess a novel family of hyaluronan binding proteins called Lecticans, and studies in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) have shown they function in many of the cells and tissues that are unique to vertebrates. This raises the possibility that the origin and/or expansion of this gene family helped drive the evolution of these vertebrate novelties. In order to better understand the evolution of thelecticangene family, and its role in the evolution of vertebrate morphological novelties, we investigated the phylogeny, genomic arrangement, and expression patterns of alllecticansin the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless vertebrate. Though bothP. marinusand gnathostomes each have fourlecticans, our phylogenetic and syntenic analyses are most consistent with the independent duplication of one of morelecticansin the lamprey lineage. Despite the likely independent expansion of the lamprey and gnathostomelecticanfamilies, we find highly conserved expression oflecticansin vertebrate-specific and mesenchyme-derived tissues. We also find that, unlike gnathostomes, lamprey expresses itslecticanparalogs in distinct subpopulations of head skeleton precursors, potentially reflecting an ancestral diversity of skeletal tissue types. Together, these observations suggest that the ancestral pre-duplicationlecticanhad a complex expression pattern, functioned to support mesenchymal histology, and likely played a role in the evolution of vertebrate-specific cell and tissue types.