Variability in the Mozambique Channel Trough and Impacts on Southeast African Rainfall
Variability in the Mozambique Channel Trough and Impacts on Southeast African Rainfall
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莫桑比克海峡槽的变化及其对东南非降雨量的影响
DOI：
10.1175/jcli-d-19-0267.1
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Barimalala R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barimalala R
莫桑比克海峡槽（MCT）是莫桑比克海峡中部和南部的一个气旋性区域。它首先在12月变得明显，在2月达到强度的峰值，当时莫桑比克海峡是最温暖的，马斯克林高压（MH）位于印度洋盆地东南部最远的地方。平均MCT的强度和时间与热带西印度洋的跨赤道东北季风的强度和时间有关，该季风弯曲为西北风，流向马达加斯加北方。在MCT的年际变化与潮湿的对流在莫桑比克海峡和调制的位置温暖的海表温度在南印度洋。MCT的变化表现出很强的关系，赤道西风带以北的马达加斯加和纬度延伸的MH。夏季有强烈的MCT活动，其特点是莫桑比克海峡上空有突出的气旋环流，并延伸到中纬度地区。这些都有利于发展的热带外热带云带在西南印度洋，并引发增加降雨的海洋，但减少在南部非洲大陆。大多数年的弱MCT与强烈的积极南印度洋副热带偶极子事件，在此期间，次大陆往往会收到更多的降雨，而马达加斯加和北方莫桑比克是非常干燥。
The Mozambique Channel trough (MCT) is a cyclonic region prominent in austral summer in the central and southern Mozambique Channel. It first becomes evident in December with a peak in strength in February when the Mozambique Channel is warmest and the Mascarene high (MH) is located farthest southeast in the Indian Ocean basin. The strength and the timing of the mean MCT are linked to that of the cross-equatorial northeasterly monsoon in the tropical western Indian Ocean, which curves as northwesterlies toward northern Madagascar. The interannual variability in the MCT is associated with moist convection over the Mozambique Channel and is modulated by the location of the warm sea surface temperatures in the south Indian Ocean. Variability of the MCT shows a strong relationship with the equatorial westerlies north of Madagascar and the latitudinal extension of the MH. Summers with strong MCT activity are characterized by a prominent cyclonic circulation over the Mozambique Channel, extending to the midlatitudes. These are favorable for the development of tropical–extratropical cloud bands over the southwestern Indian Ocean and trigger an increase in rainfall over the ocean but a decrease over the southern African mainland. Most years with a weak MCT are associated with strong positive south Indian Ocean subtropical dipole events, during which the subcontinent tends to receive more rainfall whereas Madagascar and northern Mozambique are anomalously dry.
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