Income and Inequality among Farming Community: A Field Based Study of Bihar, India
Income and Inequality among Farming Community: A Field Based Study of Bihar, India
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农业社区的收入和不平等：印度比哈尔邦的实地研究
DOI：
10.1177/1018529120160205
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Pandey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Pandey
农业和农民一直是欠发达国家高度关注的问题。该研究根据比哈尔邦的实地调查，分析了农户获得不同收入来源的情况和不平等情况。这些数据是从三个农业气候区收集的，涵盖该州 Sheohar、Purnia、Lakhisarai 和 Bhojpur 地区的 40 个村庄以及 528 个农户。研究显示，FBI（农场商业收入）是农业社区的主要收入来源。农业在总收入中占主导地位，特别是对于该州的小农来说。 2010-11 农业年，农业社区的人均年收入平均为 8,117.57 印度卢比。大农户的人均收入分别是无地农户、边际农户、中小农户收入的5倍以上、4倍左右、2.5倍左右和接近2倍左右。收入分配显示，不同农场规模类别之间普遍呈现U型分布，基尼系数为0.49。该州还发现农场规模与生产力价值之间存在反比关系。结论是，小土地所有者在生产绩效方面具有优势；他们最终在创造足够的生计收入方面处于弱势。最后，研究结果表明，农村地区的农业与非农业部门的主流化需要融入当地的生活、资源和制度层面，以应对国家的挑战，特别是在 2000 年分裂之后。
Agriculture and farmers have always been a matter of great issue of concern in underdeveloped countries. The study has analysed farm households’ access to different source of income and inequality, based on the field survey of Bihar. The data has been collected from the three agro-climatic zones, covering 40 villages as well as 528 farming households from Sheohar, Purnia, Lakhisarai and Bhojpur districts of the state. The study revealed that the FBI (Farm Business Income) is the major source of income for the farming community. Agriculture is dominating in the total income especially for the small farmers in the state. On an average, per capita income of the farming community has been found to be INR 8,117.57 annually for the agriculture year 2010-11. The per capita income of large farmers is found to be more than 5, about 4, about 2.5 and near about 2 times of the income of landless, marginal, small and medium farm-size categories respectively. The distribution of income shows that there is the U-shape distribution prevailing among the different farm-size categories with Gini’s coefficient 0.49. An inverse relationship between the farm-size and value of productivity has also been found in the state. It was concluded while small land holders were superior in the term of production performance; they are eventually weak in term of generating sufficient income for their livelihood. Finally, the findings suggest that there is a need of agricultural mainstreaming with non-agricultural sector in the rural areas to be imbedded in the local levels of living, resources and institution to meet the challenge of the state, especially in after bifurcation in 2000.