Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?
Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?
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DOI：
10.1111/jopy.12260
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Weihs, Karen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howe, George W.;Cimporescu, Maria;Weihs, Karen
目的：新兴的压力模型指向一个动态的公式，其中压力源和内化症状相互影响。本研究旨在验证这种动态的相互作用是否是抑郁和焦虑的内在化过程的结果，以及这种相互作用是否随神经质的不同而变化。（51%女性; 47%白色，42%非裔美国人）在失业后的6个月内进行了5次评估，使用重复测量的压力源，抑郁，焦虑和神经质。6个月内的潜在增长和6周内的多水平交叉滞后回归支持了这一假设，即压力源和内化症状在失业后具有相互影响。抑郁症的独特变化的研究结果与一般内化的研究结果一致，而在控制内化后，一般或社交焦虑的研究结果很少。神经质加强了6个月内压力源变化与症状变化的关联。那些高神经质表现出较少的减少，内化后再就业，不太可能再就业时，开始与较高的internationalizing.Conclusions：温和的相互作用模型有助于解释发病，维护和解决的症状后失业。我们推测，这些发现可能部分是由于差异的情绪调节和动机的减少。
Objective: Emerging models of stress point to a dynamic formulation where stressors and internalizing symptoms reciprocally influence each other. This study tested whether this dynamic interplay is the result of a general internalizing process underlying both depression and anxiety, and whether it varies with neuroticism.Method: A total of 426 adults (51% female; 47% White, 42% African American) were assessed five times over 6 months following loss of employment, using repeated measurements of stressors, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.Results: Latent growth across 6 months and multilevel cross-lagged regressions across 6 weeks supported the hypothesis that stressors and internalizing symptoms have reciprocal effects after job loss. Findings for unique variation in depression paralleled those for general internalizing, whereas few findings emerged for general or social anxiety after controlling for internalizing. Neuroticism strengthened the association of change in stressors with change in symptoms across 6 months. Those with high neuroticism showed less reduction in internalizing following reemployment and were less likely to be reemployed when starting with higher internalizing.Conclusions: The moderated reciprocal effects model helps account for onset, maintenance, and resolution of symptoms following job loss. We speculate that these findings may be due in part to differential emotion regulation and reductions in motivation.