Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions
Invariant Gametogenic Response of Dominant Infaunal Bivalves From the Arctic Under Ambient and Near-Future Climate Change Conditions
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.576746
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发表时间：
2021-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adam J. Reed;J. Godbold;M. Solan;L. Grange
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文献类型：
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作者：
Adam J. Reed;J. Godbold;M. Solan;L. Grange
北极海洋生态系统正在经历一系列重大的快速调整，以应对气候变化的区域放大，但人们对环境条件变化如何影响海底生物的繁殖周期知之甚少。物种繁殖生态学的变化可能会影响其整个生命周期，并最终决定类群的持久性和分布。在这里，我们根据近期气候变化预测，研究变暖和海洋酸化的综合影响是否会影响巴伦支海的底栖双壳类动物（Astarte crenata 和 Bathyarca glacialis）的繁殖过程。这两个物种在暴露于环境[<2°C，～400 ppm (CO2)]和近期[3–5°C，～550 ppm (CO2)]条件约4个月后，都呈现出较大的卵母细胞，表明卵母细胞营养或直接幼虫发育，但我们没有发现任何证据表明酸化和变暖的综合影响会影响卵母细胞的大小频率分布。虽然我们的观察表明该生殖阶段对全球变化的恢复力，但我们还强调，在标准实验室条件下配子发生的成功进展并不一定意味着在自然环境中会成功发育和补充。这是因为环境条件变化的代谢成本可能会被随意进食所抵消，这是实验室实验中的常见做法。我们在北极粮食供应不断变化的背景下讨论了我们的发现，并得出结论：如果我们要确定物种和生态系统的脆弱性，就需要采取综合方法，将多种系统应对变化的措施结合起来。
Arctic marine ecosystems are undergoing a series of major rapid adjustments to the regional amplification of climate change, but there is a paucity of knowledge about how changing environmental conditions might affect reproductive cycles of seafloor organisms. Shifts in species reproductive ecology may influence their entire life-cycle, and, ultimately, determine the persistence and distribution of taxa. Here, we investigate whether the combined effects of warming and ocean acidification based on near-future climate change projections affects the reproductive processes in benthic bivalves (Astarte crenata and Bathyarca glacialis) from the Barents Sea. Both species present large oocytes indicative of lecithotrophic or direct larval development after ∼4 months exposure to ambient [<2°C, ∼400 ppm (CO2)] and near-future [3–5°C, ∼550 ppm (CO2)] conditions, but we find no evidence that the combined effects of acidification and warming affect the size frequency distribution of oocytes. Whilst our observations are indicative of resilience of this reproductive stage to global changes, we also highlight that the successful progression of gametogenesis under standard laboratory conditions does not necessarily mean that successful development and recruitment will occur in the natural environment. This is because the metabolic costs of changing environmental conditions are likely to be offset by, as is common practice in laboratory experiments, feeding ad libitum. We discuss our findings in the context of changing food availability in the Arctic and conclude that, if we are to establish the vulnerability of species and ecosystems, there is a need for holistic approaches that incorporate multiple system responses to change.