Racial/Ethnic Differences in Light of 100% Smoke-free State Laws: Evidence from Adults in the United States
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Light of 100% Smoke-free State Laws: Evidence from Adults in the United States
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DOI：
10.1089/pop.2020.0048
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发表时间：
2020-07-07
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Watson, Barry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daley, Angela;Rahman, Muntasir;Watson, Barry
本研究估计了 100% 无烟州法律与吸烟之间关系的种族/民族差异以及自我报告的健康状况，以促进旨在减少差异的政策。数据涉及 18 岁及以上成年人，从公共使用的行为风险因素监测系统（2002-2014 年）获得。作者使用双重差分模型来研究 100% 无烟州法律实施时间的变化。通过研究不同种族/族裔群体的异质性，作者考虑了无烟法律与以下可能性之间的关联：每天吸烟（与偶尔吸烟）；偶尔吸烟（与以前相比）；以及自我报告健康量表的顶部（相对于底部）。作者发现 100% 无烟州法律与女性吸烟无关。此外，偶尔吸烟的少数族裔男性比白人男性戒烟的可能性更小，结果表明无烟法并没有减少这些差异。然而，有证据表明，无烟法降低了亚洲和西班牙裔/拉丁裔男性每天吸烟的可能性，但并没有降低戒烟或处于自我报告健康状况最高水平的可能性。更一般地说，无烟法律与自我报告的健康状况无关，但不吸烟的美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民妇女可能有所改善。这些发现强调了超越平均效应来考虑 100% 无烟州法律如何影响少数种族/族裔的重要性。有证据表明，他们减少了吸烟并改善了某些群体的自我报告健康状况，但有必要采取一套烟草控制政策来更广泛地减少种族/民族差异。
This study estimates racial/ethnic differences in the association between 100% smoke-free state laws and smoking, as well as self-reported health, to facilitate policy aimed at reducing disparities. Data pertain to adults aged 18 years and older, obtained from the public-use Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2002-2014). The authors exploit variation in the timing of 100% smoke-free state laws using a difference-in-differences model. Examining heterogeneity across racial/ethnic minority groups, the authors consider the association between smoke-free laws and the probability of being: a daily smoker (versus occasional); an occasional smoker (versus former); and at the top of the self-reported health scale (versus the bottom). The authors find that 100% smoke-free state laws were not correlated with smoking among women. Moreover, racial/ethnic minority men who smoked occasionally were less likely to quit than white men, and results suggest that smoke-free laws did not reduce these disparities. However, there is evidence that smoke-free laws reduced the probability of being a daily smoker for Asian and Hispanic/Latinx men, but not the probability of quitting or being at the top of the self-reported health scale. More generally, smoke-free laws were not associated with self-reported health, except that there may have been an improvement among nonsmoking American Indian/Alaska Native women. These findings underscore the importance of looking beyond average effects to consider how 100% smoke-free state laws impact racial/ethnic minorities. There is evidence that they reduced smoking and improved self-reported health for some groups, but a suite of tobacco control policies is necessary to reduce racial/ethnic disparities more broadly.