Airborne Emissions of Mercury from Municipal Solid Waste. I: New Measurements from Six Operating Landfills in Florida
Airborne Emissions of Mercury from Municipal Solid Waste. I: New Measurements from Six Operating Landfills in Florida
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DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2005.10464684
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发表时间：
2005-07
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
S. Lindberg;G. Southworth;M. Bogle;T. J. Blasing;J. Owens;Kelly Roy;Hong Zhang;T. Kuiken;J. Price;D. Reinhart;H. Sfeir
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Lindberg;G. Southworth;M. Bogle;T. J. Blasing;J. Owens;Kelly Roy;Hong Zhang;T. Kuiken;J. Price;D. Reinhart;H. Sfeir
摘要含汞材料从各种来源进入城市垃圾填埋场，包括荧光灯、电池、电气开关、温度计和一般废物;然而，汞（Hg）在垃圾填埋场的命运尚未得到广泛研究。使用自动通量室和顺风大气采样，我们量化了汞蒸气释放到大气中的主要途径在六个城市垃圾填埋场在佛罗里达。这些途径包括填埋气体（LFG）释放的主动通风系统，被动排放的垃圾填埋场表面覆盖物，并在每个工作面（WF）的日常活动的排放。我们在两个已知汞源的地点加标WF，这些都很容易检测到顺风，并用于测试我们的排放建模方法。气态元素汞（Hg 0）以易于检测的速率从所有测量的来源释放到大气中;速率范围为：超过老化的垃圾填埋场覆盖层的100 -10 ng m−2 hr−1，LFG燃烧的100 -20 mg/hr（LFG包括浓度为μg/m3的Hg 0），WF的100 -400 mg/hr。这些通量超过了我们先前公布的估计。在挖掘和分类的废物中试图确定具体的汞来源，结果表明，几乎没有容易确定的来源;由于Hg 0的有效混合和扩散，整个废物堆都是一个来源。我们估计，佛罗里达州城市垃圾填埋作业向大气中排放的汞约为10-50千克/年，大大高于我们最初的估计，但仍占目前人为损失总量的一小部分。
Abstract Mercury-bearing material enters municipal landfills from a wide array of sources, including fluorescent lights, batteries, electrical switches, thermometers, and general waste; however, the fate of mercury (Hg) in landfills has not been widely studied. Using automated flux chambers and downwind atmospheric sampling, we quantified the primary pathways of Hg vapor releases to the atmosphere at six municipal landfill operations in Florida. These pathways included landfill gas (LFG) releases from active vent systems, passive emissions from landfill surface covers, and emissions from daily activities at each working face (WF). We spiked the WF at two sites with known Hg sources; these were readily detected downwind, and were used to test our emission modeling approaches. Gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) was released to the atmosphere at readily detectable rates from all sources measured; rates ranged from ∼1–10 ng m−2 hr−1 over aged landfill cover, from ∼8–20 mg/hr from LFG flares (LFG included Hg0 at μg/m3 concentrations), and from ∼200–400 mg/hr at the WF. These fluxes exceed our earlier published estimates. Attempts to identify specific Hg sources in excavated and sorted waste indicated few readily identifiable sources; because of effective mixing and diffusion of Hg0, the entire waste mass acts as a source. We estimate that atmospheric Hg releases from municipal landfill operations in the state of Florida are on the order of 10–50 kg/yr, substantially larger than our original estimates, but still a small fraction of current overall anthropogenic losses.