The Question of Ritual Cannibalism at Grotta Guattari [and Comments and Replies]
The Question of Ritual Cannibalism at Grotta Guattari [and Comments and Replies]
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Grotta Guattari 的仪式食人问题[以及评论和回复]
作者：
T. White;N. Toth;Philip G. Chase;G. Clark;Nicholas J. Conrad;J. Cook;F. d’Errico;R. Donahue;R. Gargett;G. Giacobini;A. Pike;A. Turner
尼安德特人头盖骨（Circeo I）发现于蒙特切尔西奥（Monte Circeo）的瓜塔里洞穴（Guattari Cave），自发现以来的50年里，已成为尼安德特人殡葬实践的标志。这个标本的孤立性，它的基底碎片，以及它的背景，使许多人得出结论，尼安德特人在更新世晚期在蒙特切尔塞奥进行了殡葬仪式。我们对最近被认为是同类相食的美洲原住民骨骼遗骸的研究，以及对罗马大学收藏的美拉尼西亚战利品头骨的大量收集，揭示了人类操纵的特征。我们对原始化石的研究表明，Circeo标本上的大多数骨折都是史前的，但没有明确的证据表明尼安德特人的头盖骨经过了原始人的改造。观察到的损害模式是非人类因素的典型。我们的研究结果不支持格罗塔瓜塔里仪式食人的假设。
The Neandertal cranium (Circeo I) from Guattari Cave at Monte Circeo has, in the 50 years since its discovery, become an icon for Neandertal mortuary practices. The isolated nature of the specimen, its basal fragmentation, and its context have led many to conclude that Neandertals practiced mortuary ritual at Monte Circeo in the late Pleistocene. Our work on recent Native American skeletal remains attributed to cannibalism and on an extensive collection of trophy skulls from Melanesia housed at the University of Rome has revealed characteristic signatures of human manipulation. Our study of the original fossil shows that most fracture on the Circeo specimen was prehistoric but that no unambiguous evidence of hominid modification to the Neandertal cranium exists. Observed damage patterns are more typical of nonhuman agents. The hypothesis of ritual cannibalism at Grotta Guattari s unsupported by our findings.