Private speech in two preschools: Significance of open-ended activities and make-believe play for verbal self-regulation
Private speech in two preschools: Significance of open-ended activities and make-believe play for verbal self-regulation
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DOI：
10.1016/s0885-2006(99)80065-9
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Berk, LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krafft, KC;Berk, LE
在两所不同的学前班，他们为儿童提供的学习环境中，私人演讲的语境影响进行了研究。观察3至5岁的儿童在自由选择期间在蒙台梭利和传统的（以游戏为导向的）计划。与维果茨基的理论一致，假装游戏是自我调节发展的重要背景，私人言语的发生率在开放式活动中要高得多，特别是幻想游戏，这需要儿童确定任务的目标，而不是在封闭式任务与预定的目标。与以往的研究结果一致，教师越是直接参与，或者说外部调控，儿童的私人言语率就越低。此外，过渡（而不是参与活动）与减少私人言论，而参与与同龄人，在联想游戏的形式，预测更大的自我导向的语言。减少假装，发挥，更大的教师直接参与，并在过渡中花费更多的时间在很大程度上占了较低的发病率在蒙特梭利与传统的学前班相比，私人讲话。背景因素也导致了5岁时私人谈话的减少。在幼儿期培养儿童的口头自我调节的影响被认为是。
Contextual influences on private speech were examined in two preschools differing in the learning environments they provide for children. Observations of 3- to 5-year-olds were made during free-choice periods in a Montessori and a traditional (play-oriented) program. Consistent with Vygotsky's theory that make-believe play serves as a vital context for the development of self-regulation, the incidence of private speech was much higher during open-ended activities, especially fantasy play, that require children to determine the goal of the task, than during closed-ended tasks with predetermined goals. In line with previous research, the more direct involvement, or external regulation, teachers displayed, the lower the rate of children's private speech. In addition, transitions (as opposed to involvement in activities) were linked to reduced private speech, whereas engagement with peers, in the form of associative play, predicted greater self-directed language. Diminished make-believe, play, greater teacher direct involvement, and heightened time spent in transitions largely accounted for the lower incidence of private speech in the Montessori compared with the traditional preschool. Contextual factors also contributed to a drop in private speech at age 5. Implications for fostering children's verbal self-regulation during early childhood are considered.